Page 106 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN eodhnK jB. fJ; gqeko feUAfe ;w[~uh iksh iK T[g^iksh bJh fJ~e jh gzukfJs j'D d/ nkdoP Bz{
gqkgs eoBk n;zGt j?, fJ; bJh fJ~e iksh iK T[giksh d/ w?Apo fJ~e ;zpzfXs ;w{j dk fBowkD eod/
jB fi; Bz{ “fpokdoh” (Bks/dkoK dh ;fwsh) fejk ikdk j?. fJj fpokdoh fJ~e ftiksh fttkj
(exogamous) fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u nzsofttkjh iksh iK T[giksh dh soK ezw eodh j?. fJj ;w{j
(fpokdoh) iksh iK T[giksh bJh ezw eodk j? ns/ nkgD/ w?ApoK Bz{ nkgD/ ekoi x/o/ d/ nzdo jh
wkBsktK Bz{ wBtkUD bJh wip{o eodk j?. e[M ;wK gfjbK s~e fJBK gzukfJsK B/ i' ngokX d/ wkwb/
nkgD/ ekoi y/so ft~u bJ/ ;B UBK ft~u'A gqw[~y ;B^ d{ih iksh ns/ T[giksh ft~u G'iB d/ wkwb/
fiBK d/ Bkb fBP/X ;h, d{ih iksh dh n"os Bz{ oy?b d/ o{g ft~u o~yDk, fttkfjs n"os Bkb nt?X
;zpzX o~yDk, ftnkj d/ tkd/ Bz{ s'VBk, ndkfJrh s'A fJBeko, S'N/ w'N/ MrV/, ohsh fotkiK dk T[bzxD
nkfd. nfijk eoD s/ i' dzv dk ftXkB ngDkfJnk iKdk ;h T[; ft~u iksh s'A e~YDk, noEdzv, iksh
d/ b'eK Bz{ dkts d/Dk iK ;ohfoe dzv gqw[~y ;B. iksh d/ ;G w?Apo gzukfJs d/ fBoD/ Bz{ wzBD bJh
wip{o j[zd/ ;B. fpqfNP ekb ft~u th fJj gzukfJsK J/BhnK PeshPkbh j[zdhnK ;B fe fBnKb/ d[nkok
fBoDk ehs/ rJ/ wkwfbnK Bz{ th g[Boftuko bJh b? b?AdhnK ;B. fJ; gqeko iksh gzukfJs fJ~e
noX^gqG[sk ;zgzB (semi sovereign) ;z;Ek ;h.
gzukfJs d/ ekoiekoh gdkfXekoh iK sK tzPkB[eqw Bkb j[zd/ ;B iK UBK dk BKwKeD j[zdk ;h iK u[Bkt. pbzN,
;bhw/B, Uw?b/ ns/ j~NB B/ d~f;nk j? fe ;wkfie wkBdzv ft~u iksh fizBh S'Nh j[zdh ;h, UBk jh wIp{s
UBK dk ;zrmB j[zdk ;h. w[~edw/ bJh ngDkfJnk frnk sohek pj[s ;ob ns/ nD^n"gukfoe j[zdk ;h.

fJBK iksh gzukfJsK d/ nfXekoK d/ ;zdoG ft~u ekgVhnk B/ ;zB 1962, 1912 ns/ 1861 s~e d/ e[M T[dkjoD
fd~s/ jB fiBK B/ fJ~e ftXtk Bkb ftnkj ehsk, gqzs{ UBK dh iksh gzukfJs B/ UBK Bz{ pj[s ngwkfBs ehsk
ns/ nzs ft~u gsh^gsBh d'jK Bz{ jh nsw^j~fsnk eoBh gJh. T[dkjoD fJ~e nfij/ ftnesh dk j? i'
bzdB ikD d/ ekoD iksh s'A pfjPfeqs eo fd~sk frnk ns/ tkfg; nkUD s/ 1500 o[gJ/ dk dzv d/ e/ iksh
ft~u Pkfwb j'fJnk. 50 ;kb pknd 1912 d/ nk;^gk; d/ ;w/A d/ ;zdoG ft~u ekgVhnk B/ fJ~e owB GkJh
Bkwe ftnesh dk T[dkjoD fd~sk j? fi; Bz{ nkgD/ s'A fBwB iksh ft~u ykDk ykD ekoD iksh s'A pkjo
e~Y fd~sk frnk ;hl ns/ d{ik T[dkjoD i?;[y bkb w/jsk dk fd~sk j? fi; Bz{ nkgDh ftXtk G?D dk ftnkj
eotkUD d/ ekoD pfjPfeqs eo fd~sk frnk ;h. 1962 dh ;wK ntXh dk ;zdoG fdzd/ j'J/ ekgVhnk B/
fJj wzfBnk j? fe id'A gzukfJs Bz{ ekBz{Bh nkXko T[Zs/ iksh^fBPek;B d[nkok nkgD/ w?ApoK T[Zs/ gozgokrs
nkdoPK d/ nB[;ko u~bD d/ nfXeko gq:'r s'A tzfus eo fd~sk frnk, sK th fJj (iksh gzukfJs) UBK
d/ fdwkr ns/ fttjko Bz{ fB:fws eodh j?. 1994^95 ft~u fgzvK ft~u iksh gzukfJsK dk e[M gqGkt j'
;edk j?, gqzs{ Bro y/soK ft~u UBK dk e'Jh gqGkt BIo BjhA nkUAdk.

6H2 Gkos ft~u iksh dk gqGktPkbh y/so (Power Dimensions of Caste
Gkos ft~u iksh dk gqGktPkbh y/so
Gkos ft~u iksh dk gqGktPkbh y/so
6H2
6H2 Gkos ft~u iksh dk gqGktPkbh y/so
6H2
Gkos ft~u iksh dk gqGktPkbh y/so
6H2
in India)
iksh Bz{ ;wkfie ;zpzXK dh fJ~e ftnkge ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u ;wfMnk frnk j?. fJj th fejk ik ;edk
j? fe e[M ftdtkBK B/ iksh Bz{ fjzd{ ;wki dh soK jh wzfBnk j?. Gkosh ;wkfie ftfrnkB nB[;zXkB gfoPd
d[nkok gq;s[s fJ~e fBpzX ft~u ;[oihs f;Bjk B/ iksh T[Zs/ j'J/ nfXn?BK ft~u fiBK w[~fdnK T[Zs/ pb fd~sk
j?, Uj fJ; gqeko jBL g/Av{ nfXn?B, iksh ns/ okiBhsh, iksh, tor ns/ ;wkfie nkofEe ftek;, iksh
ns/ g~N/dkoh, iksh, tor ns/ ;wkfie n;wkBsk, iksh Pq/DheoD dk ftfPPN nfXn?B, iksh ftt;Ek
ft~u rshPhbsk, iksh dh ;wkfie ;zouBk, iksh ns/ gfotosh ftXh ftt;Ek, iksh dh iD^nKfeeh,
Broh gfot/P ft~u iksh, Gkos ns/ gkfe;skB ft~u r?o^fjzd{nK ft~u iksh, ftfGzB ;~fGnksktK dk
nfXn?B, iksh ns/ Gkosh ;~fGnsk, iBiksh^iksh fBozsosk, iksh, ftnefs~st ;zouBk, iksh ns/
;wkfie p'bh. f;Bjk B/ iksh ftt;Ek ft~u fBwB gqftq~shnK dk T[b/y ehsk j?L
1H iksh gqEk dh T[sgsh pko/ ekbgfBe f;XKsK dk toDB pzd j' frnk j?. n;b r~b sK fJj j? fe
n~i n;hA T[sgsh dh uouk BjhA eod/ jK, pbfe Gkosh ;wki ft~u iksh d/ T[dGt d/ ;soK dh
ftnkfynk eod/ jK.

100 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY