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;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
;wkfie ;zouBk ns/ ;wkfie gfotosB
BØN nk:[esK B/ toDB ehsk j? fe Gkos ft~u iksh fit/A nzsoftnkjh ;so r?o^fjzd{nK ft~u th gkJ/ iKd/ jB.
ebe~sk ns/ T[Zso gqd/P d/ w[;bwkBK, f;~y, i?Bh ns/ :j{dh ;w[dktK ft~u iksh ftt;Ek dh soK ;wkfie
ns/ nkofEe ;zpzX gqshwkfBs j[zd/ jB. fJBK ;w[dktK ft~u tzPkB[rs eko'pkoh ;w{j nzso ftnkjh Pq/Dhfeqs
T[g ;w{jK d/ o{g ft~u gkJ/ ikd/ jB. nB/eK fBwB iksh d/ fjzd{nK B/ fJ; T[whd Bkb fJ;bkw Xow ngDk
fbnk fe Uj nkgDh ;fEsh ft~u ;[Xko eo ;eDr/ feUAfe fJ;bkw ft~u iksh dh soK d/ ftG/d BjhA gkJ/
iKd/ ;B gqzs{ fJj b'e nkgDh iksh ;fEsh ft~u gfotosB fbnkUD ft~u ;cb BjhA j'J/. Gkos ft~u
w[;bwkB iksh gqEk d/ brGr ;wkBKso jh ;w{jK ft~u ftGkfis jB. ukj/ fJ;bkw ft~u nfgt~sosk ns/
S{sSks dhnK XkoDktK bJh e'Jh EK BjhA j?, fco th fJj w[;bwkBK ft~u gkJh iKdh j?.
Gkos ft~u w[;bwkB nPoc ns/ r?o nPoc ;w[dktK ft~u tzv/ j'J/ jB. nPoc T[Zu tzP d/ jB ns/ w[~y
o{g ft~u PfjoK ft~u ofjzd/ jB id'A fe r?o nPoc fjzd{ Xow S~v e/ w[;bwkB pD/ j'J/ b'e jB ns/ w[~y
s"o s/ fgzvK ft~u ofjzd/ jB. w[;bwkBK ft~u Gzrh, ewhD, ;~ek, BkJh ns/ fIzwhAdko nkfd T[Zs/ nkXkfos
ftG/d th jB ns/ fJBK ftG/dK d/ Bkb ;z;ekfoe w[~b th i[fVnk j'fJnk j?. f;~yK ns/ j'o ;w[dktK ft~u
u~eow{be ikshnK th gkJhnK ikdhnK jB fiBK d/ Bkb e[M nzP s~e ngft~sosk ns/ S{sSks th i[Vh j'Jh
j?.
fJ~E'A s~e fe Pqhbzek ft~u th iksh ;w{j gkJ/ ikd/ jB fi~E/ f;zjbh b'e p[~X Xow Bz{ wzBd/ oj/ jB. powk,
ikgkB ns/ e[M j'o d/PK ft~u th gqeko ikshnK d/ T[dkjoD fwbd/ jB. nwohek d/ ekb/ b'eK dh s[bBk
Gkos d/ nS{sK Bkb ehsh rJh j?. fi; soK Bkb iksh fJ~e ftukoXkok pD e/ g{o/ fjzd{ ;wki ft~u gqt/
P eo rJh j?, T[; o{g ft~u j'o fes/ BjhA gkJh iKdh, fJ; bJh iksh ;z;feqfse fdqPNh Bkb ftfPPN
ns/ nB[~mh ftt;Ek j?.
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD (Self Assessment)
;t^w[~bKeD
;t^w[~bKeD
1H ;jh ftebg u[D'
1H ;jh ftebg u[D' (Choose the correct option) ^ ^
^
^
1H ;jh ftebg u[D' ^
1H ;jh ftebg u[D'
1H ;jh ftebg u[D'
(i) fJ~e fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK jB^
(a) tzPkB[rs ;d~;sk (b) nzsoftnkj (c) fBPfus eko'pko (d) T[go'es ;ko/.
(ii) i' ikshnK rzdk c?bkUD tkb/ g/fPnK ft~u b~rhnK j[zdhnK jB, UBK Bz{ wzfBnk iKdk j?^
(a) nS{s (b) dfbs tor (c) nB[;{fus ikshnK (d) T[go'es ;ko/.
(iii) fe; Bz{ ;wkfie ;zpzXK dh fJ~e ftnkge ftt;Ek d/ o{g ft~u ;wfMnk frnk j?^
(a) iksh (b) fpokdoh (c) T[giksh (d) nB[;{fus iksh.
(iv) Gkosh ;wki Bz{ fJ~e iksh d/ o{g ft~u wzBd/ jB^
(a) Uw?b/ (b) w?e; t/po (c) b{Jh fvUw' (d) cqhv.
(v) Gkos ft~u w[;bwkB fezB/ ;w[dktK ft~u tzv/ j'J/ jB^
(a) d' (b) uko (c) S/ (d) n~m.
6H3 gqpb iksh
6H3 gqpb iksh
gqpb iksh
6H3 gqpb iksh (Dominant Caste)
gqpb iksh
6H3
6H3
Gkos ft~u g/Av{ y/soK ft~u iksh ;zxoP Bz{ ;wMD bJh ;EkfBe gqpb iksh (dominant caste) dk ns/
j'o ikshnK d/ P'PD dk ftPb/PD wj~stg{oD j?. ed/ ed/ nk;^gV"; d/ fgzvK ft~u fJ~e jh iksh gqpb j[zdh
j?. n?wH n?BH PqhfBtk; d/ nB[;ko iksh sK jh gqpb j[zdh j? id'A fJj d{ih iksh s'A ;zfynk ft~u nfXe
j[zdh j?, id'A T[; Bz{ nfsnkfXe nkofEe ns/ okiBhfse ;~sk gqkgs j[zdh j? ns/ id'A fJj ;EkfBe iksh
;z;soD ft~u T[Zu ;z;ekfoe gq;fEsh (ritual status) o~ydh j?. gqG[~st (dominance) d/ d' j'o b~SD iksh
ft~u f;~fyns ftneshnK ns/ T[Zu eko'pkoh b'eK dh ;zfynk th j?. id'A iksh e'b gqpb j'D d/ ;G s~s
(;zfynk, nkofEe ns/ okiBhfse Pesh, T[Zu f;~fynk ns/ T[Zu ;z;eko tkbh gq;fEsh) j[zd/ jB, sK iksh
Bz{ fBoDkfJe o{g Bkb “gqpb” fejk ik ;edk j?. gqzs{ fBoDkfJe gqpbsk nkw BjhA j?. fJ~e fgzv ft~u
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