Page 105 - DSOC201_SOCIAL_STRUCTURE_AND_SOCIAL_CHANGE_PUNJABI

fJekJh^6L Gkos ft~u iksh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^6L Gkos ft~u iksh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^6L Gkos ft~u iksh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^6L Gkos ft~u iksh ftt;Ek
fJekJh^6L Gkos ft~u iksh ftt;Ek
6H1H2 fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK BØN
6H1H2 fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK
6H1H2 fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK
6H1H2 fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK
6H1H2 fJekJh d/ o{g ft~u iksh dhnK ftP/PsktK
(n) gqd~s gq;fEsh (Ascribed Status) ^ ^ ^ ^ iksh ft~u ftnesh dh ;d~;sk T[; d/ iBw s'A fBoXkfos
(n) gqd~s gq;fEsh ^
(n) gqd~s gq;fEsh
(n) gqd~s gq;fEsh
(n) gqd~s gq;fEsh
j[zdh j?. jo iksh dk j'o ikshnK dh s[bBk ft~u feUAfe fJ~e fBPfus doik (rank) j[zdk j?, fJ; bJh
ftnesh dh T[Zu ns/ fBwB ;fEsh fJ; T[Zs/ fBoGo eodh j? fe fi; iksh ft~u T[; dk iBw j'fJnk
j? T[; dh eoweKvg gq;fEsh eh j?. n;b ft~u, fJ~e gozgokfBPm ftnesh d/ ihtB dk jo gfjb{ T[;
d/ iBw T[Zs/ nNfenk j[zdk j?. T[; d/ xo/b{ ;z;eko ns/ ohsh^fotkI, T[; dh wzfdo nkfd ft~u g{ik, T[;
dh fw~so^wzvbh ns/ T[; dk eko'pko ;G e[M T[; iksh d/ ;so T[Zs/ nkXkfos j[zd/ jB fi; ft~u T[; B/
iBw fbnk j?.
(p) nzso^ftnkj
(p) nzso^ftnkj (Endogamy)^ ^^ ^jo iksh d/ w?ApoK Bz{ nkgDh jh iksh iK T[giksh ft~u ftnkj eoBk
(p) nzso^ftnkj
(p) nzso^ftnkj
(p) nzso^ftnkj ^
j[zdk j?. fJ; gqeko nzsoftnkj iksh ;w{jK ft~u fJ~e ;EkJh o[ektN ;fEsh j?.
(;) fBPfus eko'pko (Fixed Occupation)^ ^^ ^jo iksh dk fBPfus tzPkB[rs g/Pk j[zdk j?. fJ~e g[okDh
(;) fBPfus eko'pko ^
(;) fBPfus eko'pko
(;) fBPfus eko'pko
(;) fBPfus eko'pko
ejkts j? fe pqkjwD ;dk pqkjwD jh j[zdk j? ns/ uwko ;dk uwko jh j[zdk j?. e[M eko'pko rzd/ (unclean)
;wM/ ikd/ jB fi; ekoD i' ftnesh fJBK ft~u b~r/ j[zd/ jB, Uj nS{s j' iKd/ jB ns/ i/eo e'Jh j'o
fJBK eko'pkoK Bz{ ngDkUAdk j?, sK T[; Bz{ iksh s'A pkjo eo fd~sk iKdk j? sK fe Uj iksh Bz{ d{fPs Bk
eo ;e/. gqzs{ fJ; dk noE fJj th BjhA j? fe pqkjwD iksh ft~u ;G pqkjwDK Bz{ gzfvskJh eko'pko ft~u
jh ;dk b~r/ ofjDk j? iK fco ;G okig{sK Bz{ o~fynk ekoi ft~u b~rD d/ ekoD ;?Bk ft~u jh Pkfwb j'Dk
j?. e[M gfo;fEshnK ti'A fJ~e iksh d/ w?Apo Bz{ d{ik eko'pko eoD dh nkfrnk fwb ikdh ;h. fJ;/ gqeko
fJ~e jh iksh dhnK ftfGzB T[gikshnK ftftX eko'pko ngDk b?AdhnK jB. T[dkjoD bJh, yfNe (e;kJh)
iksh dhnK uko T[gikshnK T[Zso gqd/P ft~u e;kJh (p/eBtkbk), okirho (okiro), o~;h pDkUD tkb/
(;'wp~N) ns/ cb t/uD d/ eko'pko ft~u b~r/ jB. fJ;/ gqeko pzrkb ft~u s/bh iksh d/ d' T[gGkr jBL
“fsbh” ns/ “s/bh”. “fsbh” s/b e~YD ns/ “s/bh” s/b t/uD d/ ezw ft~u b~r/ j'J/ jB. s/b e~YD dk
ezw jhDfdqPNh Bkb d/fynk iKdk j? feUAfe fJ; ft~u phi s'A s/b e~YDk j?, fJ; bJh ihtB (phi) dh
jkBh j[zdh j?. fJ;/ ekoD “fsbh” b'eK Bz{ nS{s wzfBnk ikdk j?, id'A fe “s/bh” nS{s BjhA wzB/ iKd/.
i/eo “s/bh” iksh ft~u'A e'Jh s/b e~YD dk ezw eoD b~r/ sK T[; Bz{ iksh s'A pfjPfeqs eo fd~sk iKdk j?.
eko'pko gfotosB Bkb iksh gfotosB Io{oh BjhA j[zdk ;h, id'A s~e fe ;fEsh ft~u gfotosB Bk j't/
. pbzN d/ nB[;ko id'A ;fEsh ft~u fJ; gqeko dk gfotosB j[zdk j? sK Uj fszB o{g XkoD eo b?Adh j?L
(i) fJ~e BthA iksh ft~u t~y j'Dk (ii) Bt/A ;w{j dk gfjbK s'A n;fs~st tkbh iksh ft~u fwbB (iii) w"fbe
iksh d/ nzdo jh fJ~e nzsofttkjh T[giksh dh ouBk.
iksh d[nkok E'g/ rJ/ eko'pkoh gqshpzXK fg~S/ nkw s"o s/ Xkofwe T[d/P j[zdk j?, gqzs{ ed/ ed/ UBK dk ftP[~X
nkofEe T[d/P th j[zdk j?.T[dkjoD bJh, Uw?b/ B/ w~X gqd/P d/ fJ~e fIb/ d/ ;[fBnkoK d/ ;zdoG ft~u fejk
j? fe Uj b'e fJ~e dkts dk nk:'iB eod/ jB fi; ft~u Uj e;w yKd/ jB ns/ UBK b'eK Bz{ iksh s'A
pkjo e~YD dk vo fdykUAd/ jB i' fJj oj~; y'bDr/ fe ;'B/ ft~u fezBh j'o Xks{nK fe; wksok ft~u
fwbkJhnK iKdhnK jB.

B'N; d' wjK:[~XK s'A pknd ns/ d/P d/ T[d:'rheoD s'A pknd iksh gqDkbh dhnK ftP/PsktK ft~u'A
gozgokrs eko'pko gfotosB d/ ;zpzX ft~u wj~stg{oD gfotosB nkJ/ jB. eko'pko
;zpzXh gqshpzXK ft~u fPfEbsk nkJh j? ns/ eko'pkoh rshPhbsk ;zGt j'Jh j?.

(d) iksh gzukfJs (Cast Panchayats) ^ ^ ^ ^ jo iksh dh nkgDh ;fwsh j[zdh j?, fi; Bz{ gzukfJs efjzd/
(d) iksh gzukfJs
(d) iksh gzukfJs ^
(d) iksh gzukfJs
(d) iksh gzukfJs
jB. jkb jh d/ ;w/A s~e fJBK gzukfJsK dk nkgD/ w?ApoK T[Zs/ ekch gqGkt ;h. ukj/ n~i e[M iksh gzukfJsK
dhnK PkyktK g{o/ d/P ft~u jB feUAfe ;zuko wkfXnwK dk g{ok ftek; j'fJnk j?, gqzs{ e[M dPkdpdhnK
gfjbK s~e fJBK (PkyktK) dk ekoi y/so J/Bk ;hfws ;h fe w?Apo nk;kBh Bkb fJ~em/ j' ;eD ns/ fJ~e
d{i/ gqsh ikDekoh o~y ;eD. ;zuko ;[ftXk ns/ j'o ;EkfBe dPktK fJBK gzukfJsK dk ekoiy/so fBoXkfos

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