Page 97 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_HINDI

lkekftd Lrjhdj.k

uksV vFkok vf/d egÙo gS rFkk /u tkfr dh vis{kk de vueuh; rRo gSA¸ tkfr osQ fofHkUu lnL;ksa osQ

O;ogkj dks fu;fer ,oa fu;af=kr djus gsrq tkfr&ifj"knsa gksrh gSaA ;g ifj"kn~ laiw.kZ tkfr ij 'kklu djrh
gS rFkk lokZf/d 'kfDr'kkyh laxBu gksrh gS tks lHkh lnL;ksa dks muosQ mfpr LFkkuksa ij j[krh gSA tkfr
dh 'kkld laLFkk dks iapk;r dgk tkrk gS] ftldk 'kkfCnd vFkZ gS ik¡p lnL;ksa dh laLFkk] ijUrq okLro
esa bl laLFkk esa vf/d O;fDr Hkh fu.kZ; osQ le; bdV~Bs gks ldrs FksA ;g tkfr otZukvksa osQ fo#¼
nks"kksa dk fu.kZ; djrh FkhA bu otZukvksa esa vf/dka'kr% ,slh ckrsa gqvk djrh Fkha tks nwljh tkfr osQ
lnL;ksa osQ lkFk] [kkus] ihus] gqDdk ihus rFkk ;kSu lEcU/h ckrsa] ftuesa tkfr ls ckgj fookg euk Fkk]
ls lEcfU/r FkhaA ;g nhokuh ,oa iQkStnkjh ekeyksa dk fu.kZ; djrh FkhA iapk;r bruh vf/d
'kfDr'kkyh gksrh Fkh fd ;g vaxzsth 'kklu&dky esa ljdkjh U;k;ky;ksa osQ }kjk fu.khZr eqdneksa dk
iqu% fu.kZ; fd;k djrh FkhA blosQ }kjk fn, x, eq[; naMμ(d) tqekZuk] ([k) vius ltkfr;ksa dks
izhfrHkkst] (x) 'kkjhfjd naM] (?k) /k£ed ifo=krk] ;Fkk xaxk&Luku vkfn ,oa (Ä) tkfr cfg"dkj
vkfn gqvk djrs FksA
;|fi vk/qfud le; esa U;k;ky;ksa osQ foLrkj ,oa tkfr iapk;r osQ LFkku ij xzke iapk;r dh
izfrLFkkiuk ls tkfr iapk;r dh lÙkk oqQN de gks xbZ gS] rFkkfi vc Hkh tkfr vius lnL;ksa osQ O;ogkj
dk fu;af=kr ,oa izHkkfor djrh gSA

tkfr Lo;a viuh 'kkld gksrh gSA bldk viuk NksVk ,oa iw.kZ lkekftd lalkj gksrk gSA ;g v¼Z&izHkq
laLFkk] vUreqZ[kh ,oa nwljh tkfr;ksa ls foyx rFkkfi fo'kkyrj ,oa O;kid lekt dk Hkkx gksrh gSA

2- lkekftd ,oa /k£ed lksiku (Social and religious hierarchy)μtkfr&O;oLFkk dk nwljk egÙoiw.kZ
y{k.k ;g gS fd blesa lkekftd Js"Brk dk ,d lqfuf'pr Øe gksrk gSA izR;sd tkfr dk ,d ijEijkxr
uke] ;Fkk oS';] czkã.k vkfn gksrk gS] tks bls nwljh tkfr;ksa ls foyx dj nsrk gSA laiw.kZ lekt fofHkUu
tkfr;ksa ea foHkkftr gksrk gS] ftuesa mPp rFkk fuEu dk fopkj gksrk gSA bl izdkj] Hkkjr esa lkekftd
lksiku osQ mPpre f'k[kj ij czkã.kksa dk LFkku gSA euq osQ vuqlkj] ¶czkã.k lkjh l`f"V dk jktu gS]
D;ksafd mldh mRifÙk czãk osQ lcls ifo=k vax ^eq[k* ls gqbZ gSA czkã.k osQ :i esa tUe ek=k ls dksbZ
Hkh O;fDr lukru fu;e dk lkdkj :i le>k tkrk gSA czkã.kksa dks Hkkstu djkuk /k£ed iq.; izkIr
djus dk ,d ekU; <ax gSA czkã.k dk l`f"V dh izR;sd oLrq ij vf/dkj gSA lkjk lalkj bldh lEifÙk
gS rFkk nwljs yksx mldh Ñik ij thfor gSaA¸ bl laca/ esa fo".kq euq ls Hkh vkxs gSaA og fy[krk gS] ¶nso
rks vn`'; nsork gS_ czkã.kksa osQ lgkjs lalkj [kM+k gS_ czkã.kksa dh Ñik ls gh nso LoxZ esa fuf'pr gksdj
vkjke djrs gSa_ czkã.k dk dksbZ 'kCn dHkh xyr fl¼ ugha gksrkA czkã.k izlUu gksdj tks oqQN dg nsa] nso
mldk vuqleFkZu dj nsaxs_ tc n`'; nso izlUu gSa rks vn`'; nso Hkh fuf'pr :i ls izlUu gksaxsA¸

czkã.kksa dh bl mPp fLFkfr osQ eqdkcys esa 'kwnzksa dh fLFkfr iw.kZr;k ghu FkhA os lkoZtfud ekxks±]
owQiksa] fo|ky;ksa] eafnjksa vkfn dk mi;ksx ugha dj ldrs FksA nklrk 'kwnzksa dh LFkk;h fLFkfr FkhA izFke
rhu tkfr;ksa osQ lnL; dks 'kwnz osQ lkFk ;k=kk ugha djuh pkfg,A muosQ Li'kZ ek=k ls fcLrj vFkok
vklu nwf"kr gks tkrk gSA oqQN vijk/ksa osQ fy, 'kwnzksa dks dBksj naM fn;k tkrk FkkA bl izdkj]
dkSfVY; osQ vuqlkj] ¶;fn dksbZ 'kwnz czkã.k L=kh dh ifo=krk dks Hkax djrk gS rks mls thfor tyk
fn;k tk,xkA ;fn og fdlh czkã.k dks xkyh nsrk gS vFkok ml ij vkØe.k djrk gS rks mls mlosQ
nks"kh vax dks dkV fn;k tk,xkA

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