Page 99 - DSOC202_SOCIAL_STRATIFICATION_HINDI

lkekftd Lrjhdj.k

uksV ugha Fkh] D;ksafd mDr le; esa mudh ijNkbZ bruh cM+h gksrh Fkh fd nwj cSBk mPp tkfr dk O;fDr Hkh

vifo=k gks ldrk FkkA lkjs Hkkjr esa 'kwnz tkfr osQ yksxksa dks mu oqQvksa ls ikuh Hkjus dh vkKk ugha Fkh]
tgk¡ ls mPp tkfr okys yksx ikuh Hkjrs FksA ifCyd LowQyksa esa pekj ,oa egkj tkfr osQ cPpksa dks izos'k
ugha feyrk FkkA 'kwnz yksx osnkfn dk vè;;u ugha dj ldrs FksA Lokeh ek/ojko osQ dky esa is'kok
ljdkj us ;g fu;e cuk;k Fkk fd pawfd egkj vfr'kwnz gSa] vr,o czkã.k muosQ fookg laLdkj lEiUu
u djok,¡A 'kwnz efUnjksa esa izos'k ugha dj ldrs FksA czkã.k dks e`R;q&n.M ugha fn;k tk ldrk FkkA oSQn
dh fLFkfr esa mlosQ lkFk nwljksa dh vis{kk mnkj O;ogkj fd;k tkrk FkkA

6-1-1 oxZ ,oa tkfr esa vUrj
mQij geus tkfr&O;oLFkk osQ y{k.kksa dk o.kZu fd;k gS] tks lk/kj.kr;k oxZ dh vo/kj.kk esa ugha ik, tkrsA
tkfr rFkk oxZ osQ chp vUrj dks Li"V djrs gq, eSdkboj (MacIver) us fy[kk gS] ¶tcfd iwohZ lH;rkvksa osQ
oxZ ,oa izfLFkfr dk eq[; fu/kZjd tu Fkk] ik'pkR; lH;rkvksa esa /u leku vFkok vf/d egRoiw.kZ
oxZ&fuèkkZjd rRo gSA /u tUe dh vis{kk de vueuh; fu/kZjd gS_ ;g vf/d LFkwy gS] vr% blosQ nkoksa dks
vfèkd lqxerk ls pqukSrh nh tkrh gSA ;g ^ek=kk* dk fo"k; gSA blesa ^izdkj* osQ vUrj mRiUu ugha gksrsA ;s vUrj
i`FkDdj.kh;] gLrkarj.kh; ,oa miktZuh; gksrs gSaA blesa Hksn dh ,slh LFkk;h js[kk ugha gksrh tSlh tUe dk rRo
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[khap nsrk gSA¸ oxZ dk tkfr ls vUrj Li"V djrs gq, vkxcuZ ,oa fuedkiQ us fy[kk gS] ¶oqQN lektksa esa
O;fDr;ksa osQ fy, lkekftd Üka`[kyk esa mQij ;k uhps tkuk vlkekU; ugha gSA tgk¡ ,slk lEHko gS] og lekt
^mUeqDr* (open) oxks± dk lekt gksrk gSA nwljs lektksa esa ,slk mrkj&p<+ko de gksrk gS] O;fDr mlh oxZ esa
vkthou jgrs gSa ftuesa mudk tUe gksrk gSA ,sls oxZ ^cUn* (closed) oxZ gksrs gSa vkSj ;fn buosQ chp vfr foHksn
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fd;k tk, rks tkfr&O;oLFkk dk fuekZ.k gks tkrk gSA¸ tc oxZ vkuqoaf'kd cu tkrk gS rks mls] owQys osQ vuqlkj]
tkfr dgrs gSaA
oxZ rFkk tkfr esa vUrj dh izeq[k ckrsa fuEufyf[kr gSaμ
1- mUeqDr cuke&cUn (Open vs. closed)μoxZ tkfr dh vis{kk vf/d mUeqDr gksrk gSA fgyj (Hiller)
us fy[kk gS] ¶oxZ O;oLFkk mUeqDr O;oLFkk gksrh gSA ;fn laLrjhdj.k esa mnxz xfr'khyrk (vertical
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mobility) can gksrh gS rks ;g oxZ&O;oLFkk u jgdj tkfr&O;oLFkk cu tkrh gSA¸ pw¡fd oxZ mUeqDr
vkSj ueuh; gksrk gS lkekftd xfr'khyrk lqxe gksrh gSA ekuo vius m|e ,oa ifjJe ls viuk oxZ
cny ldrk gS rFkk mPp lkekftd izfLFkfr izkIr dj ldrk gSA ;fn dksbZ euq"; etnwj oxZ esa tUe
ysrk gS rks mlosQ fy, vkthou ml oxZ esa jguk rFkk mlh esa e`R;q dks ik tkuk vko';d ugha gSA og
thou esa liQyrk ,oa /u osQ fy, iz;kl djrk gS] rFkk lEifÙk ls viuh izfLFkfr dks cny ldrk gSA
tkfr&O;oLFkk esa viuh tkfr&izfLFkfr dks cnyuk vlEHko gSA ,d ckj euq"; dk tUe ftl tkfr esa
gks tkrk gS] og vkthou mlh esa jgrk gS rFkk mlosQ cPpksa dk HkkX; Hkh ;gh gksrk gSA bl izdkj] tkfr
,d cUn oxZ gSA O;fDr dk lkekftd in mldh tkfr osQ in ls fuèkkZfjr gksrk gS] mldh viuh
miyfCèk dk bl in ij dksbZ izHkko ugha iM+rkA nwljh vksj] oxZ dh lnL;rk oa'kkuqxr vkèkkj ij fuHkZj
ugha gksrh] vfirq O;fDr dh lkalkfjd miyfCèk;ksa ij fuHkZj djrh gSA bl izdkj] oxZ&O;oLFkk mUeqDr
,oa ueuh; O;oLFkk gksrh gS] tcfd tkfr&O;oLFkk cUn ,oa vueuh; gksrh gSA
2- nSfod&cuke&èkeZfujis{k (Divine vs. secular)μnwljs] tkfr&O;oLFkk dks nSfod foèkku le>k tkrk
gSA eSdkboj us fy[kk gS] ¶;fn dBksj èkk£ed vkxzg ugha gksrs rks tkfr osQ fuf'pr lhekadu dk fuokZg
ugha fd;k tk ldrk FkkA tkfr dks viuh vykSfdd mRifÙk dh O;k[;k osQ lkFk èkk£ed fo'okl
tkfr&O;oLFkk dh fLFkfr osQ fy, vifjgk;Z gSA fot; osQ ikfj.kkfed :i esa nklrk vFkok vèkhurk ls
fgUnw tkfr&jpuk mn~Hkwr gqbZ gksxh vkSj 'kk;n vUr£ookgh leqnk; dks nwljs leqnk; osQ vèkhu djus osQ
}kjk iztkfr dh 'kfDr] izfr"Bk rFkk xoZ }kjk lewgksa osQ lkekftd i`FkDdj.k osQ lkFk tkfr&izFkk mRiUu

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