Page 292 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV mís'; (Objectives)

bl bdkbZ osQ vè;;u osQ i'pkr~ fo|kFkhZ ;ksX; gksaxsμ
l ,dkfèkdkj dk vè;;u djus gsrqA
l dher foHksn osQ izdkj tkuus gsrqA

l jkf'kikru dks le>us gsrqA
l cgq&IykaV dk vè;;u djus gsrqA

izLrkouk (Introduction)

,dkfèkdkj esa oLrq dk ,d gh mRiknd gksuk pkfg, pkgs og vosQyk gks ;k lk>snkjksa dk lewg gks ;k la;qDr
iwath oaQiuh ;k jkT; gksA vr% ,dkfèkdkj dh fLFkfr esa osQoy ,d gh iQeZ gksrh gS ijarq oLrq osQ oszQrk dkiQh
la[;k esa gksus pkfg, ftlosQ iQyLo:i oLrq dh dher dks oszQrk izHkkfor ugha dj losaQ ijarq fooszQrk izHkkfor
djrk gSA

13-1 ,dkfèkdkj D;k gS\ (What is Monopoly?)

vaxzsth Hkk"kk dk eksuksikWyh 'kCn xzhd 'kCn osQ eksuksikWfy;u (Monopolion) 'kCn ls fy;k x;k gSA bldk
vFkZ gS fcØh dk ,dek=k vfèkdkjA vr,o 'kq¼ ,dkfèkdkj cktkj dh og fLFkfr gS ftlesa osQoy ,d
iQeZ fdlh oLrq dh ,dek=k mRiknd gksrh gS rFkk ml oLrq
'kq¼ ,dkfèkdkj D;k gS\
dk dksbZ fudVre LFkkukiUu ugha gksrkA pwafd ,dkfèkdkjh
;g cktkj dk og izdkj gS ftlesa fdlh
fdlh oLrq dk cktkj esa ,dek=k fooszQrk gksrk gS blfy, mlosQ u
oLrq dk osQoy ,d gh fooszQrk gksrk gS
rks dksbZ izfr}a}h gksrs gSa vkSj u gh izR;{k izfr;ksxh gksrs gSaA
ftldk oLrq dh dher ij iw.kZ fu;a=k.k
mnkgj.k osQ fy, vius ?kj ;k iSQDVªh osQ fy, fctyh vki osQoy gksrk gSA
fo|qr cksMZ ls izkIr dj ldrs gSaA vki osQoy Hkkjr ljdkj dh
jsyksa esa ;k=kk dj ldrs gSaA ;s lHkh ,dkfèkdkj osQ mnkgj.k gSaA ,dkfèkdkj dh fLFkfr esa dksbZ nwljh iQeZ m|ksx
esa izos'k ugha dj ldrhA ,dkfèkdkj esa iQeZ rFkk m|ksx esa dksbZ varj ugha gksrkA iQeZ gh m|ksx gksrh gS D;ksafd
cktkj esa oLrq dh ;g gh ,dek=k mRiknd gksrh gSA ,dkfèkdkjh dher fuèkkZjd (Price Maker) gksrk
gSA og dher dk fuèkkZj.k djrk gSA mlosQ }kjk fuèkkZfjr dher ij ;g fuHkZj gksrk gS fd og fdruh ek=kk
csp losQxkA ,dkfèkdkjh dh ek¡x oØ dk <yku Åij ls uhps dh vksj gksrk gSA
dkSrlqo;kuh osQ vuqlkj] ¶,dkfèkdkj og cktkj gS ftlesa fdlh oLrq dk osQoy ,d gh fooszQrk gksrk
gSA og ftl oLrq dk mRiknu djrk gS mlosQ fudVre LFkkukiUu ugha gksrs rFkk vU; iQeks± osQ izos'k
ij izfrcaèk gksrk gSA¸ (Monopoly is a market situation in which there is a single seller,
there are no close substitutes for commodity it produces, there are barriers to entry.
—Koutsoyiannis)

ckeksy osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶,d 'kq¼ ,dkfèkdkjh dh ifjHkk"kk ml iQeZ osQ :i esa dh tkrh gS tks m|ksx
Hkh gSA ;g fdlh fo'ks"k oLrq ftlosQ fudVre LFkkukiUu ugha gksrs dh ,dek=k fooszQrk gksrh gSA¸ (A
pure monopoly is defined as the firm that is also an industry. It is the only supplier
of some particular commodity for which there exists no close substitute. —Baumol)

13-2 ,dkfèkdkj dh fo'ks"krk,¡ (Features of Monopoly)

,dkfèkdkj dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,¡ fuEufyf[kr gSaμ

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