Page 313 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 14 % ,dkf/dkjh izfr;ksfxrk dk fl¼kar

izLrkouk (Introduction) uksV

vc rd geus cktkj dh nks pje fLFkfr;ksa&iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk rFkk ,dkfèkdkj& dk vè;;u fd;kA ijarq
okLrfod thou esa bu nksuksa osQ chp dh fLFkfr ikbZ tkrh gS ftls viw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk (Imperfect
Competition) dgk tkrk gSA vFkZ'kkL=k esa viw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk dh fLFkfr dk vè;;u lu~ 1993 osQ ckn ls
fd;k tkus yxk gSA bl o"kZ baXyS.M esa Jherh tkWu jkWfcUlu (Mrs. Joan Robinson) dh iqLrd
Economics of Imperfect Competition rFkk vesfjdk esa pSacjfyu (Chamberlin) }kjk fyf[kr
iqLrd Theory of Monopolistic competition izdkf'kr gqbZ gSaA viw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk ,d foLr`r 'kCn
(Wide Term) gSA ftlesa cktkj dh fuEufyf[kr voLFkk,¡ lfEefyr dh tkrh gSaμ(1) ,dkfèkdkjh
izfr;ksfxrk (Monopolistic Competition): blosQ varxZr cgqr ls fooszQrk gksrs gSaA (2) vYikfèkdkj
(Oligopoly): blosQ varxZr oqQN gh fooszQrk gksrs gSaA (3) }Sèkkfèkdkj (Duopoly): blosQ varxZr osQoy
nks fooszQrk gksrs gSaA

14-1 ,dkfèkdkjh izfr;ksfxrk osQ D;k vFkZ gSa\
(What is Monopolistic Competition?)

,dkfèkdkjh izfr;ksfxrk cktkj dh og fLFkfr gS ftlesa fdlh oLrq osQ cgqr ls fooszQrk gksrs gSa ijarq
izR;sd fooszQrk dh oLrq nwljs fooszQrkvksa dh oLrqvksa ls fdlh u fdlh :i esa fHkUu gksrh gSA vr,o
oLrq fofHkUurk ,dkfèkdkjh izfr;ksfxrk dh eq[; fo'ks"krk gksrh gSA oLrq fofHkUurk (Product
Differentiation) czkaM osQ uke] VªsMekoZQ] xq.k&Hksn] iS¯dx vFkok miHkksDrkvksa dks nh tkus okyh lqfoèkkvksa
;k lsokvksa osQ varj osQ :i esa gks ldrh gSA okLrfod thou esa bl izdkj dh izfr;ksfxrk osQ cgqr ls mnkgj.k
feyrs gSaA iQksjgsal] dkWyxsV] isIlksMsaV] flckdk] ccwy vkfn VwFkisLVksa dk mRiknu djus okyh iQes± ,dkfèkdkjh
izfr;ksfxrk osQ mnkgj.k gSaA bl izdkj dh cktkj fLFkfr esa iQeZ ,dkfèkdkjh Hkh gSa rFkk izfr;ksxh Hkh gSa] iQeZ
,dkfèkdkjh blfy, gS D;ksafd oLrq foHksn osQ dkj.k mldk oLrq dh dher ij lhfer fu;a=k.k gksrk gSA
rnuqlkj] ,dkfèkdkj dh Hkk¡fr izR;sd iQeZ dh ek¡x oØ dk <yku ½.kkRed gksrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,]
fgUnqLrku yhoj fyfeVsM dk yDl VªsM ekoZQ ij ,dkfèkdkj gSA dksbZ nwljh iQeZ bldk iz;ksx ugha dj ldrhA
ijarq nwljh iQes± vius VsªMekoZQ osQ varxZr ugkus osQ lkcqu dk mRiknu dj ldrh gSa] tSls geke] czht] oSQes]
fMVkWy vkfnA vU; 'kCnksa esa ^yDl* lkcqu osQ izfrLFkkiu osQ mRiknu djus dh Lora=krk gSA cktkj dh bl
fLFkfr esa izfr;ksfxrk dk rRo bl dkj.k gS fd oLrq osQ cgqr ls foozsQrk gksrs gSa rFkk iQeks± dks izos'k ikus rFkk
NksM+ dj tkus dh Lora=krk (Freedom of Entry and Exit) gksrh gSA
ts-,l- csal osQ vuqlkj] ¶,dkfèkdkjh izfr;ksfxrk ml m|ksx esa ikbZ tkrh gS tgk¡ dkiQh ek=kk esa
NksVs&NksVs fooszQrk gksa tks fofHkUu] ij lkFk gh fudV LFkkukiUu csp jgs gksaA¸ (Monopolistic
Competition is found in the industry where there is a large number of small sellers,
selling differentiated but close substitute products. —J.S. Bains)
ckeksy osQ 'kCnksa esa] ,dkfèkdkjh izfr;ksfxrk ls vfHkizk; ml cktkj <k¡ps ls gS ftlesa foozsQrkvksa dk
vius&vius mRiknu esa ,dkfèkdkj gksrk gS (os ,dek=k foozsQrk gSa) ijarq mu ij izfrLFkkiu oLrqvksa
osQ foozsQrkvksa osQ egÙoiw.kZ izfr;ksxh ncko dk Hkh izHkko gksrk gSA (The term monopolistic
competition refers to the market structure in which sellers do have a monopoly (they
are the only sellers) of their own product, but they are also subject to substantial
competitive pressures from sellers of substitute product. —Baumol)

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