Page 309 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 13 % ,dkf/dkjh iQeZ dk fl¼kar

13-17 ,dkfèkdkj dh vkoaVu lacaèkh vdk;ZoqQ'kyrk uksV
(Allocative Inefficiency of Monopoly/Dead Weight Loss)

tSlk fd fiNys vè;k; esa crk;k x;k gS] vkoaVu lacaèkh dk;ZoqQ'kyrk iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk dh lkekU; fo'ks"krk
gSA iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk esa miHkksDrk dh cpr rFkk mRiknd dh cpr vfèkdre gksrh gS] rnuqlkj vkoaVu lacaèkh
dk;ZoqQ'kyrk (Allocative Efficiency) dks izkIr fd;k tkrk gSA
¯drq ,dkfèkdkj esa ,slk ugha gksrkA okLro esa ,dkfèkdkj dk o.kZu vkoaVu lacaèkh vdk;ZoqQ'kyrk osQ :i
esa fd;k tkrk gSA ,dkfèkdkj esa miHkksDrk dh cpr rFkk mRiknd dh cpr vfèkdre ugha gksrhA nwljs 'kCnksa
esa] mRiknu dk Lrj iw.kZ izfr;ksxh mRiknu Lrj ls de gksrk gS rFkk miHkksDrk ,oa mRiknd dh cpr iw.kZ
izfr;ksfxrk dh rqyuk esa] vfèkdre ls de gksrh gSA fp=k 13-10 esa bl fLFkfr dks le>k;k x;k gSμ

,d izfr;ksxh cktkj esa] oLrq dh dher lhekar ykxr osQ cjkcj gksrh gSA blosQ foijhr ,dkfèkdkj dh fLFkfr
esa oLrq dh dher] lhekar ykxr ls vfèkd gksrh gSA D;ksafd ,dkfèkdkjh 'kfDr (Monopoly Power) osQ
ifj.kkeLo:i dher Å¡ph vkSj mRiknu dh ek=kk de gksrh gS blfy, miHkksDrk dh n'kk cnrj (Worse
off) rFkk mRiknd dh n'kk csgrj (Better off) gksrh gSA
fp=k 13-10 esa ek¡x oØ (AR) rFkk lhekar vk; oØ (MR) fn[kk;k x;k gSA MC oØ ,dkfèkdkjh dh
lhekar ykxr dks izdV djrk gSA

fp=k 13-10

Y
Dead Weight
P Loss
MC
Under Perfect Competition:
Consumer surplus=P PE
c
P m F producer Surplus=MP E
c
Price P c R E Total Surplus=MPE
Under Monopoly:
E Loss of surplus=RFE+RE E
1
1 =Dead Weight loss
M AR
MR
O X
Q Q
m c
Quantity
iw.kZ izfr;ksxh cktkj esa lhekar ykxr vkSj dher cjkcj gksrs gSa (MC = Price)A fp=k esa] ;fn ge MC dks
iQeZ dh iw£r oØ eku ysa rks E ¯cnq larqyu dks izdV djsxk rFkk OP larqyu dher vkSj OQ larqyu
C C
mRiknu dh ek=kk dks izdV djsxkA dher js[kk vFkkZr~ P osQ Åij dk {ks=k rFkk ek¡x oØ (AR) osQ uhps
C
dk {ks=k] miHkksDrk dh cpr dks izdV djrk gSA iw£r oØ vFkkZr~ lhekar ykxr (MC) oØ osQ Åij dk {ks=k
rFkk dher js[kk osQ uhps dk {ks=k mRiknd dh cpr dks izdV djrk gSA
iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk dh fLFkfr esa] miHkksDrk dh cpr ΔP PE {ks=k osQ cjkcj gS rFkk mRiknd dh
C
cpr MP E {ks=k osQ cjkcj gSA oqQy cpr (miHkksDrk dh cpr + mRiknd dh cpr) MPE {ks=k osQ
C
cjkcj gSA
,dkfèkdkj dh fLFkfr esa] dher lhekar ykxr osQ cjkcj ugha gksrhA ykHk dks vfèkdre djus dh 'krZ
lhekar ykxr dk lhekar vk; osQ cjkcj (MC = MR) gksuk gSA mRiknu osQ bl larqyu Lrj ij dher dk
fuèkkZj.k ek¡x vFkkZr~ vkSlr vk; (AR) oØ }kjk gksrk gSA E larqyu ¯cnq dks izdV djrk gS_ larqyu dh
1
bl fLFkfr esa OQ bdkb;ksa dk mRiknu fd;k tkrk gS vkSj mUgsa OP izfr bdkbZ dher ij cspk tkrk gSA
m m

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