Page 468 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV 2- chek oaQiuh osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls (From the Viewpoint of Insurance Company)
chek oaQiuh dk dk;Z fdlh vfuf'pr ?kVuk osQ dkj.k gqbZ gkfu dh ?kVuk esa fuf'prrk iznku djuk gksrk gSA
;g vius xzkgd ls izhfe;e dh ,d vYi jkf'k ysdj gkfu osQ tksf[ke dks de djrh gS rFkk ml ?kVuk]
ftlosQ fy, chek ikWfylh yh xbZ gS] osQ gksus osQ ekeys esa ,d cgqr cM+h jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djus dk opu
nsrh gSA D;ksafd yksx vfèkdka'k tksf[ke vfuPNqd gksrs gSa] os izfrowQy laHkkouk (odds) ij Hkh izhfe;e dk
Hkqxrku djus dks rS;kj gksrs gSaA blh izdkj] chek oaQifu;k¡ Hkh tksf[ke vfuPNqd gksrh gSaA iQeks± dh Hkk¡fr mudk
mís'; Hkh ykHk dekuk gksrk gSA tksf[ke Vkyus rFkk ykHk dekus osQ fy,] os tksf[ke ,d=khdj.k (risk-
pooling) rFkk tksf[ke izlkj (risk-spreading) viukrh gSaA

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)

fjDr LFkku Hkfj, (Fill in the blanks)μ
----------------------
1- tksf[ke vfuPNqd osQ lkeus gksrs gSaA
----------------------
2- chek dk Hkh cktkj gksrk gS D;ksafd yksx vfuPNqd gksrs gSaA
----------------------
3- ,d chek oaQiuh vius xzkgd dh ekSr dk tksf[ke FkksM+k ysdj mBkrh gSA

tksf[ke ,d=khdj.k rFkk tksf[ke izlkj (Risk Pooling and Risk Spreading)

,d chek oaQiuh vius xzkgd dh ekSr dk tksf[ke FkksM+k izhfe;e ysdj mBkrh gS fd ;fn mldh e`R;q gks
tkrh gS rks mlosQ ifjokj dks ,d cgqr cM+h jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djus dk opu nsrh gSA og ,d cM+h la[;k
esa xzkgdksa esa vius tksf[keksa dk ,d=khdj.k djosQ cM+h fuf'prrk osQ lkFk ,slk dj ldrh gSA tc ,d chek
oaQiuh thou chek csprh gS rks og ,d ugha vfirq gtkjksa O;fDr;ksa dks ,d lkFk chfer djrh gSA og tkurh
gS fd lkjs chfer yksx ,d cM+h foifÙk tSls egkekjh] ijek.kq ;q¼ vkfn osQ gksus osQ vfrfjDr] ,d lkFk ugha
ejsaxsA oqQN tYnh ej ldrs gSa] vU; chek dh dkykofèk esa ej ldrs gSa rFkk oqQN vkSj yksx ikWfylh osQ iwjk
(mature) gksus ij Hkh ugha ejsaxsA blfy, og xf.krh; :i ls tkurh gS fd izhfe;e] tks og vius xzkgdksa
ls ,df=kr djrh gS] og e`R;q dh ?kVukvksa esa izfro"kZ djus okys Hkqxrkuksa ls vfèkd gksrk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa]
ftrus vfèkd O;fDr;ksa dk chek og djrh gS] mruk gh mu O;fDr;ksa dk vuqikr de gksxk tks okLro esa
izfro"kZ ejrs gSaaA bls cM+h la[;kvksa dk fu;e (Law of Large Numbers) dgrs gSaA bldk vFkZ gS fd
chfer O;fDr;ksa dh la[;k ftruh vfèkd gksxh] chek oaQiuh osQ fy,] mudk vkSlr ifj.kke mruk gh vfèkd
iwokZuqekfur gksxkA
bl izdkj] chek oaQiuh tksf[ke dk vuqeku yxk ldrh gS rFkk ykHk dekus osQ fy, vius xzkgdksa }kjk
izhfe;e dk Hkqxrku djus dh x.kuk dj ldrh gSA tksf[ke ,d=khdj.k O;fDr;ksa dh ,d cM+h la[;k ij
osQoy tksf[ke osQ foLrkj (Risk spreading) ls gh laHko gSA bldk osQoy ;gh vFkZ ugha gS fd ikWfylh
èkkjdksa dh la[;k cM+h gksuh pkfg,A bldk vFkZ ;g Hkh gS fd tksf[ke vU; lHkh O;fDr;ksa }kjk mBk, x,
tksf[keksa ls Lora=k gksuk pkfg,A ekuk fd ,d LFkku esa 100 yksxksa dk chek ,d oaQiuh djrh gSA ;fn ,d
cM+h vkx yx tkrh gS] rks lHkh ?kj ty ldrs gSaA nkoksa osQ :i esa oaQiuh dks ,d cM+h gkfu gksxhA bl ekeys
esa] vkx dh tksf[ke Lora=k ugha gSA ;fn ogh oaQiuh dLcs osQ fofHkUu LFkkuksa esa 100 ?kjksa dk chek djrh
gS] rks tksf[ke Lora=k gksrs gSaaA 100 ?kjksa esa ls ,d le; esa ,d gh ?kj osQ ty tkus dh laHkkO;rk gS D;ksafd
,d ?kj esa vkx nwljs ?kj esa vkx ls Lora=k gSA Lora=k tksf[keksa dh dlkSVh osQ vkèkkj ij gS fd cgqr lh chek
oaQifu;k¡ ;q¼] ck<+] HkwoaQi vkfn ls u"V gksus okyh laifÙk dk chek ughsa djrh gSa D;ksafd muosQ ,d cM+s iSekus
ij u"V gksus dk tksf[ke gksrk gSA

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