Page 469 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 29 % chek p;u ,oa tksf[ke

,d nwljk rjhdk fofoèkhdj.k (diversification) gS] ftlls chek oaQifu;k¡ vius tksf[keksa dk foLrkj uksV
djrh gSaA os ,slk vusd izdkj dk chek tSls thou chek] ?kj dk chek] dkj dk chek] eSfMdy ;k LokLF;
chek vkfn is'k djosQ djrh gSaA

uksV~l chek] tq, dk myV gSA ;g tksf[ke nwj djrk gSA

tksf[ke Hkkxhnkjh (Risk Sharing)

tksf[ke ,d=khdj.k rFkk tksf[ke foLrkj osQ vfrfjDr tksf[ke Hkkxhnkjh }kjk ,d chek oaQiuh tksf[keksa dh
ykxr de djus dk ,d vU; rjhdk viukrh gSA tksf[ke esa Hkkxhnkjh rc dh tkrh gS tc ,d O;fDr Lo;a
dk chek bruh cM+h jkf'k osQ fy, djokrk gS fd ;fn nqHkkZX; ls ?kVuk gks tkrh gS rks nkok fdlh ,d oaQiuh
dks cckZn dj nsxkA ,sls ekeys ,d fof'k"V dkS'ky (specific skill) okys O;fDr ls lacafèkr gksrs gSa] tks
vius 'kjhj osQ dkS'ky ls lacafèkr Hkkx dk chek djokrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] yrk eaxs'kdj ;k eSMksuk }kjk
viuh vkokt dk chek djokuk] ,d urZdh }kjk fdlh ,slh ?kVuk osQ fo#¼ tks mls u`R; djus ls jksd ns]
vius iSjksa dk chek djokuk vkfnA D;ksafd osQoy ,d O;fDr ,d cM+h jkf'k osQ fy, chfer gksrk gS] izhfe;e
Hkh cgqr cM+k gksrk gSA ;fn ml O;fDr dks oqQN ugha gksrk] rks oaQiuh dks ,d cM+k ykHk gksxk rFkk ;fn og
?kVuk gks tkrh gS rks mls ,d Hkkjh uqdlku gksxkA
,sls ekeys esa] chek oaQiuh tksf[ke esa Hkkxhnkjh viukrh gS ftls iqu% chek (re-insurance) Hkh dgrs gSaA
tc oaQiuh ,d O;fDr osQ dkS'ky dk chek djrh gS] rks bls ,d cM+h la[;k esa mi&ikWfyfl;ksa esa foHkkftr
djosQ] vU; oaQifu;ksa osQ lkFk ikWfylh dh Hkkxhnkjh djrh gSA izR;sd oaQiuh dks izhfe;e dk ,d fgLlk
feyrk gS vkSj Hkqxrku ;k nkok (claim) Hkh cjkcj foHkkftr gksrk gS] ;fn og ?kVuk gks tkrh gSA tksf[ke
esa Hkkxhnkjh dk lokZfèkd izfl¼ mnkgj.k yanu esa ykW;M dk chek cktkj (Lioyd’s Insurance
Market, London) gS] gtkjksa flaMhosQV ;k chek oaQifu;k¡ ftlosQ lnL; gSa rFkk izR;sd flafMosQV vkxs 20
lnL;ksa esa ck¡Vk x;k gSA bl izdkj] ,d cM+h jkf'k osQ O;fDrxr chek dks foHkkftr rFkk mi&foHkkftr djosQ
tksf[ke esa Hkkxhnkjh dh tkrh gSA flafMosQVksa rFkk muosQ lnL;ksa esa leku vuqikr esa izhfe;e dk foHkktu
djosQ] chek dk tksf[ke bruk de gks tkrk gS fd Hkqxrku dk nkok] ;fn ?kVuk gks tkrh gS] rks cgqr FkksM+k
jg tkrk gSA

chek dh leL;k,¡ (Problems of Insurance)
nks eq[; leL;k,¡ gSa ftudk lkeuk chek oaQifu;ksa dks djuk gksrk gSA os uSfrd Hk; rFkk izfrowQy pquko gSa
ftudh O;k[;k fuEu gSμ

1- uSfrd Hk; (Moral Hazard)

uSfrd Hk; dh leL;k mRiUu gksrh gS tc ,d O;fDr] ftldk chekjh] vkx ;k dkj nq?kZVuk osQ fy, chek
gqvk gS] ,slk O;ogkj djrk gS ftlls ml ?kVuk osQ gksus dh laHkkO;rk mRiUu gksA ,sls ekeyksa esa uqdlku]
O;fDr ls chek oaQiuh dks LFkkukarfjr (shift) gks tkrk gS ftls c<+s gq, nkoksa dks lguk iM+rk gSA uSfrd Hk;
gksrk gS tc ,d O;fDr viuh dkj vfèkd ykijokgh ls pykrk gS ;k bls pksjh ls cpkus osQ fy, rkyk yxkus
esa ykijokgh djrk gS ftlls nq?kZVuk ;k pksjh dh laHkkO;rk vfèkd gks tk,A blh izdkj] edku ekfyd ;k
iQeZ vfXu chek osQ lkFk vkx lwpd ;a=k ugha yxkrh] ftlls vkx dh laHkkO;rk c<+ tkrh gSA LokLF; osQ
fy, ,d chfer O;fDr fujarj èkweziku (chain smoking) djrk gS rFkk bl izdkj chekj iM+us dh
laHkkO;rk c<+k ysrk gSA leLr vU; leku ekeyksa esa] ikWfylh èkkjd dk O;ogkj ifjofrZr gks tkrk gSA og
chek u gksus dh fLFkfr ls vfèkd tksf[ke ysrk gSA

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