Page 470 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

O;f"V vFkZ'kkL=k osQ fl¼kar

uksV ,slk uSfrd Hk; dh leL;k osQ dkj.k gksrk gS fd chek oaQifu;k¡ vuqowQy ;k bZekunkjh laHkkouk
(favourable or fair odds) ij izhfe;e is'k ugha djrh gSaA os uSfrd Hk; dh leL;k dks de djus ;k
jksdus osQ fy, chek [kjhnus dh 'krZ esa O;fDr (;k iQeZ) ls oqQN fo'ks"k izdkj osQ O;ogkj dks 'kkfey djrh
gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ] chek oaQiuh ,d edku ekfyd ;k iQeZ dks chek osQoy rHkh is'k dj ldrh gS ;fn mlesa
,d vkx lwpd ;a=k yxk;k tk,] ,d O;fDr osQ LokLF; dk chek gks ldrk gS ;fn okf"kZd 'kkjhfjd tk¡p
(check-up) dh tkrh gS] vkSj ckj&ckj nq?kZVukxzLr Mªkbojksa dk izhfe;e c<+k;k tk ldrk gSA vr% chek
oaQifu;k¡ vkx] chekjh ;k nq?kZVuk dh laHkkoukvksa dks de djosQ chfer O;fDr;ksa osQ nkoksa dk Hkqxrku rFkk
la[;k dks de djrh gSaA bl izdkj] os de ckj Hkqxrku djrh gSa vkSj de izhfe;e ysrh gSaA fiQj] mUgsa
izhfe;e rFkk lqjf{kr tksf[ke dh lhek osQ b"Vre ;ksx dh x.kuk djuh gksrh gSA os fofHkUu xzkgdkssa dks
fofHkUu vuqcaèk is'k djrh gSaA mPp&tksf[ke okys xzkgdksa ls mPp izhfe;e fy;k tkrk gS rFkk mUgsa iw.kZ laj{k.k
feyrk gS] tcfd de tksf[ke okys xzkgdksa ls de izhfe;e fy;k tkrk gS rFkk mUgsa osQoy vkaf'kd laj{k.k
izkIr gksxkA
,d O;fDr ij fopkj dhft, ftlosQ ?kj dk ewY; W gSA ;fn vkx yxrh gS rks mldk èku osQoy W =
2
W–d gksrk gS] ftlesa d ?kj dk eyck gSA ;fn og O;fDr α izhfe;e] chek oaQiuh dks vkx osQ fo#¼
1
nsdj ?kj dk chek djokrk gS rks blosQ cnys esa mls α Hkqxrku tk,xk] ;fn ?kj dks vkx yxrh gSA ;fn
2
vkx ugha yxrh rks mldk èku W = W– α gksxk] tks chek izhfe;e gS ftldk og Hkqxrku djrk gSA ;fn
1 1
vkx yxrh gS rks mldk èku W = W – d + α gksxkA
2 2
,d chek oaQiuh tksf[ke izfrowQy gksus osQ dkj.k] uSfrd Hk; dh ek=kk de djus osQ fy, vius xzkgd dks
de vuqowQy laHkkO;rk,¡ (less favourable odds) is'k djrh gSA fp=k 29-2 esa fn[kk;k x;k gSA fcanq P
ls izkjaHk dhft, tks mldk èku ;k fcuk chek osQ ?kj dk ewY; iznf'kZr djrk gSA vkx dh fLFkfr esa] mldk
èku OF rd de gks tk,xkA ;g eku fy;k tkrk gS fd vkx u yxus dh laHkkO;rk] vkx dh laHkkO;rk
dk 3 xquk gS vFkkZr~ 3 to 1- bls ml O;fDr dh ctV js[kk dh <yku B }kjk fn[kk;k x;k gS tks 1@3 (3
1
to1) laHkkO;rk iznf'kZr djrh gSA vc ekuk fd ?kj dk ekfyd chek ikWfylh ysrk gSA ;g ekudj fd vkx
1 ls 3 (1 to 3) laHkkO;rk ls yxrh gS] og fcanq E pqurk gS] ftl ij mldh ctV js[kk B rFkk mnklhurk
1
oØ I Nwrs gSaA fcanq E ?kj osQ ekfyd osQ fy, ,d tksf[ke&eqDr ¯cnq gS tks 45° js[kk osQ lkFk gS D;ksafd
1
α = NN chek izhfe;e Hkqxrku djus osQ ckn mldk èku W = W–α ;k ON = OF jg tkrk gS]
1 1 1 1 1 1
vkx yxs ;k u yxsA vr% og ?kj dh vkx osQ fo#¼ ,gfr;kr ugha ysxk rFkk vkx yxus dh laHkkouk
lokZfèkd gksrh gSA è;ku nhft, fd 45° js[kk osQ W = W ;k W– d + α = W– α gS] blfy, chek
2 2 1
oaQiuh dk Hkqxrku vkx yxus dh fLFkfr esa osQoy ?kj dh gkfu gh 'kkfey djrk gSA bl izdkj] chek oaQiuh
dHkh mls 3 ls 1 dh laHkkouk is'k ugha djsxhA tkssf[ke vfuPNqd gksus ls] chek oaQiuh chek ikWfylh dks
uSfrd Hk; osQ fo#¼ viuh lqj{kk rFkk ikWfylh esa oqQN 'krs± j[k dj] ?kj dh iwjs ewY; ls cgqr de ij chek
ikWfylh foØ; djrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr fp=k 29-2 esa fn[kkbZ xbZ gSA tgk¡ ?kj osQ ekfyd dk larqyu fcanq R

fp=k 29-2

W
1
Moral Hazard 45°
No Fire N N 1 P R E I 1

I
2
B
1
B
2
45°
A
FF F Fire
2 1 W 2

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