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bdkbZ 4 % Øeokpd mi;ksfxrk fl¼kar % rVLFkrk ;k vukfèkeku oØ n`f"Vdks.k
larqf"V leku jgrh gSA vU; 'kCnksa esa] lhekar izfrLFkkiu nj (MRS) og nj gS ftl ij miHkksDrk] uksV
larqf"V osQ vius Lrj esa ifjorZu fd, fcuk] ,d oLrq dk nwljh oLrq osQ fy, izfrLFkkiu dj ldrk
gSA ;g rVLFkrk oØksa osQ <yku dks izdV djrh gSA (Marginal rate of substitution (MRS) is
the rate at which the consumer can substitute one good for another without chang-
ing the level of satisfaction. It indicates the slope of indifference curves.)
fcykl osQ vuqlkj] ^^oLrq&X dh oLrq&Y osQ fy, lhekar izfrLFkkiu nj (MRSxy) oLrq&Y dh ek=kk
gS tks miHkksDrk oLrq&X dh ,d vfèkd bdkbZ izkIr djus osQ fy,] R;kx djus dks rS;kj gksrk gS
ftlls mldk larqf"V Lrj igys ftruk cuk jgsA** (The marginal rate of substitution of X for
Y (MRSxy) is defined as the amount of Y, the consumer is just willing to give up to get
one more unit of X and maintain the same level of satisfaction. —Bilas
Loss of Y Δ Y
MRS = = (–)
xy Δ
Gain of X X
(;gk¡ MRSxy) Y osQ fy, X dh lhekar izfrLFkkiu nj_ ΔY = oLrq&Y esa ifjorZr] ΔX = oLrq&X esa
ifjorZu)
vU; 'kCnksa esa] ;fn miHkksDrk larqf"V osQ leku Lrj dks cuk, j[kuk pkgrk gS rks lhekar izfrLFkkiu nj oLrq&Y
rFkk oLrq -X dh ek=kk dk og vuqikr gS ftls oLrq-X dh ,d vfèkd bdkbZ izkIr djus osQ fy, vo';
R;kxuk iM+sxkA ;g vuqikr lkekU;r% ½.kkRed gksrk gS D;ksafd oLrq-X dh o`f¼ osQ lkFk tqM+k
oLrq-Y esa ifjorZu ½.kkRed gksrk gSA
(i) lhekar izfrLFkkiu dh fLFkj nj (Constant Marginal Rate of Substitution)
lhekar izfrLFkkiu dh nj rc fLFkj gksrh gS tc oLrq-X dh ,d vfèkd bdkbZ izkIr djus osQ fy,]
oLrq-Y dh osQoy ,d bdkbZ dk R;kx djuk iM+rk gS rkfd larqf"V dk leku Lrj cuk jgsA vU; 'kCnksa easa]
izfrLFkkiu dh nj leku jgrh gSA iw.kZ izfrLFkkiu oLrqvksa dh lhekar izfrLFkkiu nj leku gksrh gSA
fLFkj lhekar izfrLFkkiu nj osQoy ,d lS¼kafrd laHkkouk gS
tc oLrq-X dk oLrq-Y osQ fy, c<+rh gqbZ nj ij izfrLFkkiu fd;k tkrk gS rks miHkksDrk osQ ikl oLrq Y dh
ek=kk de gksrh tkrh gS rFkk oLrq X dh ek=kk c<+rh tkrh gSA tc miHkksDrk osQ ikl oLrq X dh ek=kk c<+rh
tkrh gS rks mldh izR;sd vfrfjDr bdkbZ ls igyh bdkbZ dh rqyuk esa de larqf"V izkIr gksrh gSA blosQ foijhr
oLrq Y dh bdkb;ksa esa deh gksrs tkus osQ iQyLo:i mldh izR;sd vfrfjDr bdkbZ osQ R;kx osQ iQyLo:i igyh
bdkbZ dh rqyuk esa larqf"V dh vfèkd gkfu gksrh gSA tc oLrq Y dh ,d vfrfjDr bdkbZ dk R;kx djus osQ
iQyLo:i larqf"V esa gksus okyh gkfu oLrq X dh ,d vfrfjDr bdkbZ izkIr djus osQ iQyLo:i larqf"V esa gksus
okyh o`f¼ ls vfèkd gksrh gS rks oLrq X rFkk oLrq Y esa fLFkj nj fofue; oSQls gks ldrk gSA
fuEufyf[kr rkfydk 2 rFkk fp=k 4-3 }kjk O;k[;k dh tk ldrh gSA
rkfydk 2- lhekar izfrLFkkiu dh fLFkj nj
(Constant Marginal Rate of Substitution)
la;ksx lsc larjs lhekar izfrLFkkiu
dh nj
A 1 10
B 2 9 1:1
C 3 8 1:1
D 4 7 1:1
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 55
