Page 57 - DECO401_MICROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZ 4 % Øeokpd mi;ksfxrk fl¼kar % rVLFkrk ;k vukfèkeku oØ n`f"Vdks.k

izLrkouk (Introduction) uksV

mi;ksfxrk fo'ys"k.k bl ekU;rk ij vkèkkfjr gS fd oLrq dh mi;ksfxrk dk x.kukokpd eki (Cardinal
Measurement) laHko gS vFkkZr~ mi;ksfxrk dks x.kukokpd la[;kvksa tSls 1] 2] 3] 4 vkfn osQ :i esa
izdV fd;k tk ldrk gSA ijarq ;g ,d O;kogkfjd O;k[;k ughaa gSA ,slk dksbZ Hkh ekinaM ughaa gS ftlls ge
fdlh oLrq osQ miHkksx ls izkIr gksus okyh larqf"V dks O;Dr dj losaQA ijarq miHkksDrk fofHkUu oLrqvksa vFkok
,d gh oLrq dh fofHkUu bdkb;ksa ls izkIr gksus okyh larqf"V dh rqyuk dj ldrk gSA ;g mi;ksfxrk dk
Øeokpd eki dgykrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn vki ,d di pk; vkSj ,d di dkWiQh dk miHkksx djrs
gSa rks vki bruk dg ldrs gSa fd nksuksa esa ls fdl is; ls vkidkss vfèkd mi;kssfxrk izkIr gqbZ gSA ijarq vki
ml mi;ksfxrk dks x.kukokpd la[;kvksa] tSls 50 bdkb;ksa vFkok 40 bdkb;ksa] esa O;Dr ughaa dj ldrsA
Øeokpd 'kCn dk vFkZ gS ^izFke*] ^f}rh;*] ^r`rh;*] vkfn Øe nsuk rVLFkrk oØ fo'ys"k.k mi;ksfxrk osQ
Øeokpd eki ij vkèkkfjr gSA
rVLFkrk oØ fo'ys"k.k dk izfriknu lcls igys vaxzst vFkZ'kkL=kh ,stoFkZ (Edgeworth) us lu~ 1881 esa
viuh iqLrd ‘Mathematical Psychics’ esa fd;k FkkA bl èkkj.kk dk fodkl bVyh osQ vFkZ'kkL=kh isfjVks
(Pareto) us lu~ 1906 esa] fczfV'k vFkZ'kkL=kh MCyw- bZ- tkWulu (W. E. Johnson) us lu~ 1913 esa vkSj
:lh vFkZ'kkL=kh LyVLdh (Slutsky) us lu~ 1915 esa fd;k FkkA bl fo'ys"k.k dks ek¡x fl¼kar dk egÙoiw.kZ
midj.k cukus dk Js; lu~ 1934 osQ ckn fgDl rFkk ,syu (Hicks and Allen) dks tkrk gSA bUgksaus vius
,d ys[k ^ewY; fl¼kar ij iqufoZpkj* (A Reconsideration of the Theory of Value) esa bls
oSKkfud :i esa izLrqr fd;k gSA fgDl us viuh iqLrd ^ewY; rFkk iw¡th* (Value and Capital) esa bldh
foLr`r foospuk dh gSA

4-1 rVLFkrk oØ D;k gS\ (What is an Indifference Curve?)

rVLFkrk oØ og oØ gS tks nks oLrqvksa osQ mu fofHkUu la;ksxksa dks izdV djrk gS ftuls miHkksDrk dks leku
larqf"V izkIr gksrh gSA bldk vfHkizk; ;g gqvk fd ,d rVLFkrk oØ ij ftrus ¯cnq gksrs gSa os nks oLrqvksa
osQ mu la;ksxksa dks izdV djrs gSa ftuls miHkksDrk dks leku larqf"V izkIr gksrh gSA pw¡fd izR;sd ¯cnq }kjk izdV
fd, x, la;ksx ls leku larqf"V izkIr gksrh gS] blfy, miHkksDrk muosQ pquko osQ lacaèk esa rVLFk
(Indifferent) gks tkrk gS vFkkZr~ ,d rVLFkrk oØ ij fn, x, lHkh la;ksxksa dks leku egÙo nsrk gSA
,p- ,y- osfj;u osQ vuqlkj] ^^,d rVLFkrk oØ nks oLrqvksa osQ lHkh la;ksxksa dks izdV djrh gS ftuls
O;fDr dks larqf"V dk leku Lrj izkIr gksrk gSA blfy, oØ ij ¯cnqvksa }kjk O;Dr lHkh la;ksxksa osQ
lacaèk esa ,d O;fDr rVLFk gksrk gSA** (An indifference curve represents all combinations
of two commodities that provide the same level of satisfaction to a person. That
person is therefore indifferent among the combinations represented by the points on
the curve.) —H. L. Varian

rVLFkrk dk vFkZ gS varj dk vHkko
oLrq X rFkk oLrq Y osQ nks fofHkUu la;ksx X Y rFkk X Y gSa ftuls miHkksDrk dks leku larqf"V izkIr gks jgh
1 1 2 2
gSA miHkksDrk bu nksuksa la;ksxksa osQ fo"k; esa rVLFk gksxk vFkkZr~ larqf"V osQ Lrj osQ lanHkZ esa mlosQ fy, la;ksx X Y
1 1
rFkk X Y osQ chp esa dksbZ varj ughaa gksxkA
2 2
rVLFkrk oØ og oØ gS tks nks oLrqvksa X rFkk Y osQ mu fofHkUu la;ksxksa dks izdV djrh gS ftuls mls leku
larqf"V izkIr gksrh gSA

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