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bdkbZ 4 % Øeokpd mi;ksfxrk fl¼kar % rVLFkrk ;k vukfèkeku oØ n`f"Vdks.k
4-7 ?kVrh lhekar mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e rFkk ?kVrh lhekar izfrLFkkiu dh nj osQ fu;e uksV
dh rqyuk (Comparison of the Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility
and the Law of Diminishing Marginal Rate of Substitution)
?kVrh lhekar izfrLFkkiu dh nj dk fu;e rFkk ?kVrh lhekar mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e miHkksDrk osQ O;ogkj dh
,d egÙoiw.kZ izo`fÙk dks izdV djrs gSaA bu fu;eksa osQ vuqlkj ,d miHkksDrk osQ ikl tSls&tSls fdlh oLrq
dk LVkWd ;k ek=kk c<+rh tkrh gS] mldh vfrfjDr bdkb;ksa dk egÙo de gksrk tkrk gSA vr% ?kVrh lhekar
izfrLFkkiu dh nj dk fu;e ?kVrh lhekar mi;ksfxrk osQ fu;e osQ gh vuq:i gSA ijarq fgDl osQ vuqlkj] ?kVrh
lhekar izzfrLFkkiu dh nj dk fu;e miHkksDrk osQ O;ogkj dh bl izo`fÙk dh ?kVrh lhekar mi;kssfxrk osQ fu;e
dh rqyuk esa de ekU;rkvksa osQ vkèkkj ij O;k[;k djrk gSA blfy, ;g fu;e fuEufyf[kr dkj.kksa ls
?kVrh lhekar mi;ksfxrk osQ fu;e dh rqyuk esa vfèkd okLrfod gSA
1- mi;ksfxrk osQ x.kukokpd eki dh vko';drk ughaa gS (No Need of Measuring Utility in
Cardinal Numbers)μ?kVrh lhekar mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e mi;ksfxrk osQ x.kukokpd eki dh
vokLrfod ekU;rk ij vkèkkfjr gSA blosQ foijhr ?kVrh lhekar izfrLFkkiu dh nj osQ fu;e esa
mi;ksfxrk dks x.kukokpd la[;k esa ekius dh vko';drk gh ughaa gSA blfy, ;g fu;e vfèkd
okLrfod gSA
2- Lora=k oLrqvksa dh ekU;rk ls eqDr (Free from the Assumption fo Independent
Commodities)μ?kVrh lhekar mi;ksfxrk dk fu;e bl vokLrfod ekU;rk ij vkèkkfjr gS fd ,d
oLrq ls izkIr gksus okyh mi;ksfxrk osQoy ml oLrq dh miyCèk ek=kk ij fuHkZj djrh gSA mnkgj.k osQ
fy,] pk; ls izkIr gksus okyh mi;ksfxrk ij lacafèkr oLrq dkWiQh ls izkIr gksus okyh mi;ksfxrk dk dksbZ
izHkko ughaa iM+rkA ?kVrh lhekar izfrLFkkiu dh nj osQ fu;e esa ;g èkkj.kk ekuus dh vko';drk gh
ughaa gSA ;g fu;e lacafèkr oLrqvkasa osQ ,d&nwljs dh mi;ksfxrk ij iM+us okys izHkko dks è;ku esa j[krk
gSA
3- eqnzk dh fLFkj lhekar mi;ksfxrk dh ekU;rk ls Lora=k (Free from the Assumption of
Constant Marginal Utility of Money)μ?kVrh lhekar mi;ksfxrk osQ fu;e dh rhljh
vokLrfod ekU;rk eqnzk dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk dks fLFkj ekuuk gSA ?kVrh lhekar izfrLFkkiu dh nj osQ
fu;e osQ fy, bl vokLrfod ekU;rk dh dksbZ vko';drk ughaa gSA
ijarq dkSrlqfo;kuh (Koutsoyiannis) dk ;g ekuuk gS fd lhekar izfrLFkkiu dh nj lhekar mi;ksfxrk
dh èkkj.kk (MRS) esa fufgr gS D;ksafd ;g fl¼ fd;k tk ldrk gS fd mi;ksfxrk iQyu esa varfuZfgr lhekar
izfrLFkkiu dh nj oLrqvksa dh lhekar mi;ksfxrk osQ vuqikr osQ cjkcj gSA
MU MU
MRSxy = X or MRSyx = Y
MU Y MU X
Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment)
cgqfodYih; iz'u (Multiple Choice Questions)μ
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4- lhekar izfrLFkkiu dh nj rVLFkrk oØ osQ dks fuèkkZfjr djrh gSA
(v) vFkZ (c) <yku (l) larqf"V (n) mís';
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5- fLFkj lhekar izfrLFkkiu dk vFkZ gS <yku dk gksukA
(v) vfLFkj (c) fLFkj (l) oØ (n) lhèkk
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