Page 175 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZµ17% eqnzk xq.kd vkSj okf.kT; cSadksa }kjk lk[k fuekZ.k

vkjf{kr vuqikr ls vfèkd izekf.kr tek l`tu djrs gSaA¸ (Banks can create money by issuing more uksV
promises to pay (deposits) than they have cash reserve available to pay out.–Lipsey and Chrystal)
U;wyu osQ 'kCnksa esa] ¶lk[k fuekZ.k ls vfHkizk; O;kikfjd cSadksa dh ml 'kfDr ls gS ftlosQ }kjk os Í.k
nsdj ;k izfrHkwfr;ksa esa fuos'k djosQ xkS.k tek dk foLrkj djrs gSaA¸ (Credit Creation refers to the
power of commercial banks to expand sceondary deposits either through the process of making
loans or through investment in securities.–Newlyn)
th- ,u- gkWe osQ vuqlkj] ¶xkS.k tek dk fuekZ.k gh lk[k fuekZ.k dgykrk gSA¸ (The creation of
derivative deposits is identical with what is commonly called the creation of credit.–G.N. Halm)

lk[k fuekZ.k dh izfØ;k dk fo'ys"k.k djus ls igys oqQN ewy voèkkj.kkvksa dk Kku ikBdksa osQ fy, mi;ksxh
fl¼ gksxkA

D;k vki tkurs gSa djsalh dh ek=kk osaQnzh; cSad osQ }kjk r; gksrh gSA

17-3 oqQN ewy voèkkj.kk,¡ (Some Basic Concepts)

1- ek¡x tek (Demand Deposits) cSad dh ml tek dks dgrs gSa ftls tekdrkZ fdlh Hkh le; psd tkjh
djosQ fudyok ldrk gSA bls ^psd tek* (Chequing Deposits or Chequable Deposits) Hkh dgrs gSaA
budk foLr`r oxhZdj.k bl izdkj gSµ

(i) izkFkfed vFkok udn tek (Primary or Cash Deposits)µml èku jkf'k dks] tks yksxksa }kjk cSadksa
esa udn eqnzk osQ :i esa tek djokbZ tkrh gS] izkFkfed ;k udn tek dgrs gSaA bls fuf"Ø; tek
(Passive Deposits) Hkh dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd bl tek dk fuekZ.k djus esa O;kikfjd cSadksa dh dksbZ
Hkwfedk ugha gksrhA ,slh tek dh jkf'k iw.kZr% tekdrkZvksa dh bPNk ij fuHkZj djrh gSA
(ii) lk[k tek ;k xkS.k tek (Derivative or Secondary Deposits)µtc dksbZ O;fDr cSad ls mèkkj
ysus osQ fy, tkrk gS rc cSad mls ;g mèkkj udn jkf'k osQ :i esa ugha nsrk cfYd mlosQ uke dk ,d
[kkrk [kksy nsrk gS vkSj mls psd }kjk mlesa ls #i;k fudkyus dk vfèkdkj ns nsrk gSA bl izdkj dh
tek dks lk[k tek ;k xkS.k tek dgrs gSaA vr% cSad }kjk fn;k x;k izR;sd Í.k ubZ tek dk fuekZ.k
djrh gSA xkS.k tek] izkFkfed tek dk ifj.kke gS D;ksafd cSad izkFkfed tek osQ ,d Hkkx dks fj”koZ
esa j[k dj gh xkS.k tek dk fuekZ.k djrk gSA gkWe osQ vuqlkj] xkS.k tek dk fuekZ.k gh lk[k fuekZ.k
gS] ,d cSad ftruk vfèkd Í.k nsrk gS] mruh gh vfèkd lk[k tek ;k xkS.k tek dk fuekZ.k
gksrk gSA rHkh rks ;g dgk tkrk gS] ¶Í.k] tek jkf'k;ksa dk fuekZ.k djrs gSa vkSj tek jkf'k;k¡
Í.kksa dk fuekZ.k djrh gSaA¸ (According to Halm, creation of secondary deposit is credit
creation; larger the amount that a bank advances, greater is the creation of secondary depos-
its or loans created. That is why it is said, “loans create deposits and deposits create loans.”)A

ek¡x tek = izkFkfed tek + xkS.k vFkok lk[k tek
(Demand Deposits = Primary Deposits + Secondary or Derivative Deposits)
2- udn vkjf{kr vuqikr (Cash Reserve Ratio)µfu%lansg cSad Í.k nsdj vfèkd ls vfèkd ykHk dekuk
pkgrk gS ¯drq bldk ;g vFkZ ugha gS fd og viuh lkjh udnh mèkkj ns nsxkA tks yksx cSad esa #i;k tek djokrs

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