Page 297 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZµ29% Loku ekWMy

vfèkd gS rks bldk eryc ;g gS fd mís';ksa vkSj vkStkjksa dk ,d gh la;ksx ugha gS ftlls leL;k gy gksxh] uksV
cfYd u tkus fdrus la;ksx gSaA bl izdkj] vk£Fkd uhfr dh liQyrk osQ fy, vko';d gS fd uhfr vkStkjksa dh
la[;k uhfr y{;ksa dh la[;k osQ cjkcj gksA ;g fVucxZu fu;e ;k fuf'pr y{; èkkj.kk (fixed target
approach) osQ uke ls tkuk tkus yxk gSA
nwljh leL;k ;g iSnk gksrh gS fd tc uhfr mís';ksa vkSj uhfr midj.kksa dh la[;k leku gks] rks fn;s gq, mís';
iwjk djus osQ fy, midj.kksa dk y{;ksa esa vkoaVu oSQls fd;k tk;A muosQ chp leUo; osQ vHkko osQ ckotwn]
vkoaVu leL;k osQ izfriknu ls varr% mís';ksa osQ larqyu ewY; izkIr gksaxsA

uksV~l ekSfnzd&jktdks"kh; uhfr;ksa osQ fuf'pr mís'; gksrs gSa tks uhfr midj.kksa osQ mi;ksx }kjk izkIr fd, tk
ldrs gSaA

29-1 vkarfjd vkSj cká larqyu osQ fy, uhfr;k¡ % O;;&ifjorZu vkSj O;; ?kVkuk

(Policies for Internal and External Balance : Expenditure Switching and
Expenditure Reducing)

vkarfjd vkSj cká nksuksa larqyu ykus osQ fy, tkWulu us gh uhfr midj.kksa osQ jsat dh vksj b'kkjk fd;kA mUgksaus
bldks O;; ?kVkus okyh (expenditure reducing) ;k vkarfjd uhfr;k¡] vkSj O;;&ifjorZu (expenditure
switching) ;k ckg~; uhfr;k¡] dk uke fn;kA
Hkqxrku larqyu esa ?kkVs dk vFkZ vk; osQ Åij O;; dk vkfèkD; gksrk gSA bls Bhd djus osQ fy,] O;; vkSj vk;
esa lekurk ykuh pkfg,A O;; ?kVkus okyh uhfr;ksa dk mís'; vfèkd djksa vkSj C;kt njksa osQ ekè;e ls leLr
ek¡x dks ?kVkuk gksrk gS ftlls O;; vkSj mRiknu ?kVrs gSaA vkxs] O;; vkSj mRiknu esa fxjkoV ?kjsyw dher&Lrj
dks ?kVkrh gSA blls fons'kh oLrqvksa ls ?kjsyw oLrqvksa ij O;; esa ifjorZu gksrk gSA ifj.kkeLo:i] ns'k osQ vk;kr
?kVrs gSaA O;;&ifjorZu uhfr;ksa dk mís'; ?kjsyw oLrqvksa dh ek¡x c<+kuk vkSj vk;kfrr oLrqvksa ls ?kjsyw oLrqvksa
ij O;; esa ifjorZu djuk gksrk gSA ,slk O;;&ifjorZu ?kjsyw mRiknu c<+krk gSA tc rd O;; djus dh lhekar
izo`fÙk bdkbZ ls de gksrh gS rks ;g ns'k dk Hkqxrku&larqyu lqèkkjsxkA

vkarfjd vkSj cká larqyu osQ nksuksa mís';ksa dks lkFk&lkFk izkIr djus osQ fy,] O;; ?kVkus okys vkSj O;;&ifjorZu
djus okys midj.kksa dk foosdiw.kZ la;ksx vko';d gksrk gSA
mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ;fn vFkZO;oLFkk igys ls gh iw.kZ jkstxkj
Lrj ij gksrh gS rks voewY;u dh uhfr osQ dkj.k vFkZO;oLFkk F X
Zone I
esa LiQhfr gks ldrh gSA blfy,] voewY;u dh O;;&ifjorZu Inflation
Ratio Zone II E Zone IV
djus okyh uhfr osQ lkFk&lkFk Hkqxrku&'ks"k larqyu vkSj iw.kZ Surplus
Cost Surplus Deficit
jkstxkj dk;e j[kus osQ fy, vfèkd dBksj foÙkh; vkSj ekSfæd U nemploym ent Inflation
fu;a=k.k dh O;;&?kVkus okyh uhfr;k¡ gksuh pkfg,A
Zone III
U nemploym ent
vkarfjd vkSj cká larqyu osQ nksuksa y{;ksa osQ lkFk&lkFk izkIr Deficit
X F
djus osQ fy, uhfr midj.kksa osQ chp lacaèk dks fp=k 29-1 esa
O
o£.kr Vsªoj&LFkku (Trevor-Swan) osQ ekWMy osQ :i esa fo'ys"k.k R eal D om estic Expenditure
fd;k x;k gSA
fp=k 29-1

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