Page 79 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_HINDI

bdkbZµ7% miHkksx iQyu osQ fl¼kar

lhekar miHkksx izo`fÙk (MPC) gS vkSj Y iz;ksT; vk; (disposable income) gS tks dj nsus osQ i'pkr uksV
d
miHkksDrkvksa osQ ikl O;; djus gsrq jgrh gSA
miHkksx rFkk vk; esa ;g lacaèk osQU”k osQ ^miHkksx osQ euksoSKkfud fu;e* ij vkèkkfjr gS tks crkrk gS fd tc
vk; c<+rh gS rks miHkksx O;; Hkh c<+rk gS ijarq vis{kkÑr de ek=kk esaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] vk; esa o`f¼ (;k deh)
gksus ij miHkksx O;; Hkh c<+rk (;k ?kVrk) rks gS ijarq vkuqikfrd (proportional) :i esa ughaA bl
xSj&vkuqikfrd (non-proportional) miHkksx iQyu dh èkkj.kk dk vFkZ gS fd vYidkyhu vkSlr izo`fÙk (APC)
vkSj lhekar miHkksx izo`fÙk (MPC) nksuksa esy ugha [kkrh gSaA cfYd APC > MPC vkSj fd MPC èkukRed
(positive) gksrh gS ijarq bdkbZ ls de % 0 < MPC < 1. vafre] osQU”kh; miHkksx iQyu dh vYidky vkSj
nh?kZdky nksuksa esa fLFkj eku fy;k x;k gSA osQU”k dk ;g fl¼kar vlarks"ktud fl¼ gqvk D;ksafd ;g miHkksx vkSj
vk; esa lkaf[;dh; nh?kZdkyhu vkuqikfrdrk dh O;k[;k ugha dj ldkA
bls le>us osQ fy, ge vkuqikfrd vkSj xSj&vkuqikfrd miHkksx iQyu esa Hksn djrs gSaA miHkksx iQyu vkuqikfrd
gksrk gS tc vk; osQ izR;sd Lrj ij APC fLFkj gks vkSj MPC osQ cjkcj gks tSlk fd fp=k 7-1 esa n'kkZ;k x;k
tgk¡ miHkksx iQyu C ewy O ij dkVrk gSA tc vk; esa ifjorZu Øe'k% OY vkSj OY gksrk gS rks bl C oØ
1 2
osQ lkFk&lkFk E vkSj E ¯cnqvksa ij APC = MPCA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] 45° js[kk osQ E ¯cnq ij APC = OC /OY
1 2 1 1 1
= 1 vkSj MPC = DC/DY = 1 miHkksx iQyu xSj&vkuqikfrd gksrk gS tc vk; osQ c<+us (;k de gksus) osQ lkFk
APC de gksrh (;k c<+rh) gSA fp=k 7-2 esa C miHkksx iQyu gSA OY vk; Lrj ij C oØ osQ ¯cnq E ij APC
1
> MPC, tgk¡ APC = OC /OY vkSj MPC = DC/DY = ER/RE ijarq Hkkx osQ OY Lrj ij tc C oØ 45°
1 1 0 0
js[kk dks E ¯cnq ij dkVrk gS] ogk¡ APC = MPC.
O

C

Consum ption C C 2 1 E 1 C E 2 Consum ption C C 1 0 E Y E C C
R
0
Y
45° 45º
O Y 1 Y 2 O Y 0 Y 1
incom e incom e

fp=k 7-1 fp=k 7-2

uksV~l osQU”k us viuh iqLrd General Theory esa miHkksx iQyu osQ fl¼kar dks izfrikfnr fd;k gSA

1930 osQ n'kd osQ var esa rFkk 1940 osQ n'kd osQ eè; esa vusd ,sls izR;{k vè;;u fd;s x;s tks ctV vadksa
osQ fr;Zd~ Nsn (cross-section) rFkk dky Jsf.k;ksa (time-series) ij vkèkkfjr FksA bu vè;;uksa ls osQU”k dk
miHkksx iQyu fl¼kaar izekf.kr gqvk tks fujis{k vk; ifjdYiuk (absolute income hypothesis) dgykrk gSA
1946 esa oqQ”kusV~l (Kuznets) us la;qDr jkT; vejhdk osQ 1869&1938 dh vofèk osQ miHkksx rFkk vk; osQ
vk¡dM+ksa dk vè;;u fd;k vkSj bl vofèk dk miHkksx iQyu 0-9 vk¡dkA fiQj og bu fu"d"kks± ij igq¡pk fd
nh?kZdkyhu i;ZUr] vkSlru APC esa uhps dh vksj tkus dh dksbZ izo`fÙk n`f"Vxr ugha gqbZ ftlosQ ifj.kkeLo:i
T;ksa&T;ksa nh?kZdkyhu izo`fÙk osQ lkFk vk; c<+h] R;ksa&R;ksa MPC osQ cjkcj APC gksrk x;kA bldk eryc gS fd
nh?kZdkyhu miHkksx iQyu ,slh ljy js[kk gS tks ewy ¯cnq esa ls xqtjrh gS] tSlk fd fp=k 7-3 esa C js[kk }kjk
L

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