Page 104 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ sMbD bdlwv (∆Y ) Aqy invyS dy bdlwv (∆I ) qy inrBr krdw hY[ ieh ivKwieAw igAw hY ik puMjIgq vsquAw
t t
dy leI mMg kyvl apBog vsqUAW nwl pYdw nhI hMudI hY blik rwStrI aqpwdn dy iksy vI pRqXS mMg nwl[
ieh donW ivrxW iv`c β Aqy ν brwbr hn[

√ÚÀ ÓπÒª’‰ (Self Assessment)

irkq QwvW ƒ Bro (Fill in the blanks):
1. ‘qvrx isDWq’ nW ArQ-ivvsQw iv`c pwihlI vwr 1917 iv`c ………… ny pRXog kIqw[
2. qvrk guxWk pyRirq invyS Aqy apBog Krc iv`c sUru dy bdlwv dy iv`c …………… hY[
iek ArQ-ivvsQw iv`c puMjI dw ie`iCq stw`k aqpwdn dI mMg iv`c bdlwv qy inrBr krdw hY[ aqpwdn dy
iksy bdlwv nwl puMjI stw`k iv`c bdlwv hovygw[ AMgy ieh bdlwv aqpwdn iv`c bdlwv dy ν guxw dy brwbr
hMudw hY[ AMq ∆I = ν∆Y ijQy ν qvrx hY[ jykr iek mSIn dw mu`l 4 l`K rupieXy huMdw hY Aqy ieh 1 l`K rupey
t t
ky ਮੁੱਲ ਦਾ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ, ਤੱਦ v ਦਾ ਮੁੱਲ 4 ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ । ਇੱਕ ਉਦਿਅਮੀ ਜ ਆਪਣੇ ਉਤਪਾਦਨ ਨੂੰ ਪ੍ਰਤੀ ਸਾਲ 1 l`K
ੋ
rupey v`Dxw cwaudw hY ausƒ ies mSIn qy 4 l`K rupey jrur Krc krxy cwihdy hn[ ieh smwn rup nwl iek
ArQ-ivvsQw auqy vI lwgu huMdw hY ijQy jykr qvrk dw mu`l iek qo v`D hY qW aqpwdn dI pRiq iekweI ƒ v`D
puMjI cwihdI hY qWik S`uD invyS iv`c virDI, jo aqpwdn iv`c virDI dy kwrx pweI jWdI hY v`D hovy[ ArQ-
ivvsQw iv`c skl invyS brwbr hMudw hY pRiqsQwpn invyS + su`D invyS[ pRiqsQwpn (replacement) invyS
siQr hox qy, skl (gross) invyS aqpwdn dy hr p`Dr dy Anurup pirvriqq hovygw[
qvrx isDWq ƒ brUmYn (Brooman) rwhI idqy gey hyT ilKy smIkrx qo ibAwn kIqw jw skdw hY:
l = ν (Y – Y ) + R
gt t t–1
= ν ∆Y + R
t
ijQy l kwl t iv`c skl invyS hY, ν qvrk hY, Y kwl t iv`c rwStrI aqpwd hY, Y ipClI AviD (t – 1)
gt t t–1
iv`c rwStrI aqpwd hY, Aqy R pRiqsQwpn invyS hY[
smIkrx ieh dsdw hY ik AviD t dy dorwx skl invyS inrBr krdw hY aqpwdn dI AviD t – 1 qo t q`k
bdlwv qy guxw qvrk ( ν ) jmW pRiqsQwpn invyS (R)[
Su`D invyS (I ) inkwlx dy leI smIkrx dy dono Aor qy R ƒ G`tw dyxw cwihdw hY qwik t AviD iv`c SuD invyS
n
huMdw hY:
l = ν (Y – Y )
nt t t-1
= ν ∆Y
t
ieh smIkrx ∆I = ν∆Y dy isvwX Aor kuJ nhI hY ikauik ∆Y = Y – Y jykr Y > Y hovy qW t AviD dy
t t – 1 t t – 1
rorwx su`D invyS Dnwqmk huMdw hY[ dujI Aor, jykr Y < Y hovy qW su`D invyS irxwqmk huMdw hY jW t AviD
t t – 1
dy dorwx ivinvyS (disinvestment) huuMdw hY[

È؇√ ‘qvrx isDWq’ nw ArQ-ivvsQw iv`c pwhlI vwr 1917 iv`c jy. Am. klwrk ny
pRXog kIqw[

98 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY