Page 220 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ jwdW hY[ ieh vkr dsdw hY ik byrojgwrI dI dr Aqy mudrw mjdurI v`Dx dI dr dy iv`c ault sMbD huMdw hY[
Apxy ivSlySx ƒ ieglYNf dy AWkfo qy AwDwirq krky ausny ieh AnuBvjnX nqIjw pyS kIqw ik jdo byrojgwrI
v`D hMudI hY, qW mudrw mjdUrI drW dI v`Dx dI dr nIvI huMdI hY[ ieho ijhW ies kwrx ik “jd Srm dy leI
mMg G`t hMudI hY Aqy byrojgwrI v`D qW Srimk cwlU drW qo G`t qy ApxI syvwvW dyx dy leI iqAwr nhI huMdy hY[”
iehdy ault jdo byrojgwrI G`t huMdI hY qW mudrw mjdUrI drW iv`c viriD dI dr au`cI huMdI hY[ iehdw kwrx
ieh hY ik “jdo Srm dy leI v`D mMg huMdI hY Aqy byrojgwrI bhuq G`t hodI hY, qW swƒ kwmnW rKxI cwihdI hY
ik mwilk bhuq CyqI CyqI mjdUrI drw v`Dwxgy[”
mudrw mjdUrI dr Aqy byrojgwrI dr dy iv`c ies ault sMbD ƒ pRBwivq krx vwlw dujW kwrx hY ivAwpwr kirAw
dI pRkiriq[ v`DdI ivAwpwr kirAw dI AviD iv`c jdo Srm dI v`DdI mMg dy nwl byrojgwrI ifg jWdI rhI
hovygI qW mwilk mjdUrI v`Dw dyxgy[ iehdy ault G`tdI ivAwpwr kirAw dI AviD iv`c jdo Srm dy leI mMg
ifg rhI hovygI Aqy byrogjwrI v`D rwhI hovygI qW mwilk mjdUrI v`Dx ƒ iqAwr nhI hovxgy blik G`twxgy[
lyikn mjdUr Aqy sMG ien AviDAW iv`c mjdUrI dI ktoqI ƒ mwnx leI iqAwr nhI hovygy[ pirxwmsvrup,
mwilk mjdUrW ƒ htwx dy leI bD hoxgy[ ies qrW, jdo Srm bwzwr mMd hodI hY qW mjduirAW ƒ QoVI ktoqI,
byrojgwrI iv`c viriD lwvygI[
iPilps ny auqy id`qy hoey qrkW dy AwDwr qy inSkrS kiFAw ik byrojgwrI dI drW Aqy mudrw mjdUirAW ivc
pirvrqn dy ivc sMbMD icqr ivc idKwaux qy Aiq AryiKey (non-linear) hovygw[ieh vkr iPilps vkr dy
nW nwl jwixAW jWdw hY[
icqr 23.1 ivc PC vkr iPilps vkr hY[ ieh
AnulMb AkS qy mudrw-mjdUrI dr ivc pRiqSq
bdlwv (W) Aqy SYiqj AkS qy byrojgwrI dI
dr (V) dw sMbMD ds`dw hY[ieh vkr mUl ibMdu dy
anoqdr hY jo dRSWdw hY ik jdoN byrojgwrI dI dr
ifg`dI hY qW mudrw mjdUrI ivc hox vwlw pRiqSq
bdlwv v`D jWdw hY[ icqr ivc, jdoN mudrw mjdUrI
dr 2% hY qW byrojgwrI dr 3% hY[ pr jdoN
mjdUrI dr v~Dky 4% huMdI hY qW byrojgwrI dr
G`t hoky 2% ho jWdI hY[ ies qrW mudrw mjdurI
ivc bdlwv dI dr Aqy byrojgwrI dI dr dy ivc
ivinmX hMudw hY[ iesdw Bwv hY ik jdoN mjdUrI
dr aucI hMudI hY qW byrojgwrI dr G`t huMdI hY Aqy
ivlomS vI[
mUl iPilps vkr iek inrIkSq sWiKkI sMbMD sI icqr 23.1
ijsnUM v`D mMg rwhIN AsMqulx ivc imhnq bwzwr
dy ivvhwr dy pirxwm dy rUp ivc ilpsI (Lipsey) ny sYDWiqk rUp nwl vrixq kIqw sI[
keI ArQSwsqrIAW ny byrojgwrI dI dr Aqy kImqW dy pD`r ivc bdlwv dI dr Aqy sPIiq dr dy ivc ivinmX
dI siQqI q`k iPilps ivSlySx nUM vD`wieAw hY[ auh ies mwnqw nUM lYNdy hn ik jdoN imhnq aqpwdkqw qoN
v`D qyjI nwl mjdUrI v`DygI qW kImqW ivc bdlwv hovygw[ jykr mjdUrI dI virDI dr imhnq aqpwdkqw dI
virDI dr qoN v`D hovy qW kImqW vD`xgIAW Aqy ivlomS vI[ pr jykr imhnq aqpwdkqw dr mudrw mjdUrI
drW dy smwn v`DdI hY qW kImqW nhIN vD`xigAW[
sPIiq dr Aqy byrojgwrI dr dy ivc dw ieh ivinXm (trade-off) icqr 23.2 ivc vrixq kIqw igAw hY[ieQy
sPIiq dr (p) nUM mudrw mjdUirAW ivc pirvrqn dI dr (w) dy nwl ilAw igAw hY[ mMn lvo ik imhnq
aqpwdkqw 2% hr swl dI dr nwl vD`dI hY Aqy jykr mudrw mjdUrI vI 2% hr swl dI dr nwl v`DdI hY
qW kImq –pD`r siQr rhygw[ ies qrW, PC vkr qy B ibMdU mudrw mjdUirAW iv`c pRiqSq bdlwv (M) Aqy 3

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