Page 222 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ sPIiq dr G`tdI hY[ ies dr qy, sPIiq dr dI pRviriq n qW v`Dx dI Aqy n hI G`tx dI huMdI hY[ ies qrW,
byrojgwrI dI kudrqI dr ƒ byrojgwrI dI ieho ijho ijhI dr dy rup iv`c pirBwiSq kIqw jw skdw hY, ijs qy
sPIiq dI vwsqivk dr Aqy sPIiq dI pRqXwiSq dr brwbr huMdI hY[ iesleI ieh byrojgwrI dI iek sMquln
dr hY ijs Aor ArQ-ivvsQw lMmy smy iv`c jWdI hY[ lMmy smy iv`c, byrojgwrI dI kudrqI dr qy iPilps vkr
iek AnulMb ryKw huMdI hY[ ieh kudrqI jW sMquilq byrojgwrI dr hr vyly dy leI inSicq nhI huMdI[ blik ieh
ArQ-ivvsQw dy AMdr vsqu bwzwro Aqy Srm dI Anyk sMrcnwqmk ivSySqwvW rwhI inrDwirq huMdI hY[ ieh
nXunqm mjdurI inXm, AprXwpq rojgwr sucnw, mnu`K-Skiq pRiSSx iv`ckwl kimAW, Srm giqSIlqw dI
lwgqy Aqy hor bwjwr ApurxqwvW ho skdI hY[ lyikn ijs kwrx nwl iPilps vkr lMmy smy leI iSPt krdw
hY auh sPIiq dI pRqXwiSq dr hY[ iehdw sMbD ies g`l nwl hY ik Srm iks sImw q`k TIk-TIk sPIiq pihly
qo Anumwn lgdw hY Aqy auh mjduirAW ƒ Anumwn dy Anuswr Anukul kr skdw hY[
mn ilau ik ArQ-ivvsQw sPIiq dI 2 pRiqSq dI mMd dr qy cl rhI hY Aqy byrojgwrI dI pRkriqk dr (N)
3% hY[ ic`qr 23.3 ivc AlpkwlIn iPilps vkr SPC dy ibMdu A qy, lok Biv`K ivc sPIiq dI iehI
1
dr rihx dI amId krdy hn[ hux mMn lvo ik srkwr byrojgwrI dI dr nUM 3 pRiqSq qo 2 pRiqSq G`t krx
dy leI smsq mMg vDwaux hyqu modirk – rwjkoSIX pRogrwm ApxwdI hY[ smsq mMg iv`c viriD 2 pRiqSq dI
byrojgwrI dr dy Anurup sPIiq dr ƒ 4 pRiqSq vDweygw[ jd vwsqivk sPIiq dr (4%) pRqXwiSq sPIiq
dr (2%) qo v`D huMdI hY ArQ-ivvsQW SPC vkr qy A ibNMdu qo B ibMdu q`k jWdI hY Aqy byrojgwrI dr AsQweI
1
rup nwl 2 pRiqSq q`k ifgdI hY[ ieh iesleI huMdI hY ik Srimk TigAW igAw hY[ auh 2 pRiqSq dI sPIiq
dr dI AwSw rKdw sI ijs qy auhdI mjdurI mMg AwDwirq sI[ lyikn AwiKr iv`c Srimk ieh smJx lgdw
hY sPIiq dI vwsqivk dr 4 pRiqSq hY jyVI hux sPIiq dI auhnW dI pRqXwiSq dr bx jWdI hY[ jdo iek
vwr ieho ijhw hMudw hY qW QoVy smy dw iPilps vkr SPC s`jy pwsy SPC qy iSPt kr jwdW hY[ hux Srimk
1 2
sPIiq dI 4 pRiqSq dI au`cI pRqXwiSq dr dy kwrx mudrw mjdUirAW iv`c viriD dI mMg krdw hY[ auh au`cI
mjduirAW dI mMg krdy hn ikauik auh socdy hn ik vrqmwn mudrw mjdurI vwsqivk BwvW iv`c AprXwpq
hY[ dUjy SbdW iv`c, auh au`cI kImqW iv`c rihxw cwaudy hn Aqy vwsqivk mjdUirAW iv`c igrwvt ƒ dUr krxw
cwaudy hn[ pirxwmsvrup vwsqivk Srm lwgqy v`DygI, Prmy mjdurW ƒ htwvygI Aqy SPC vkr dy SPC
1 2
vkr dy bdlwx dy nwl byrojgwrI B ibMdu (2%) qo C ibMdu (3%) ƒ v`DvygI[ C ibMdu qy byrojgwrI dI kudrqI
dr muV sQwipq ho jWdI hY jyVI dovy vwsqivk Aqy pRqSwiSq sPIiq dI au``cI dr (4%) hY[

jykr srkwr dw 2 pRiqSq dw byrjgwrI-p`Dr kwiXm rKx dw inScX hY qW auh kyvl sPIiq dI au`cI drW
dI lwgq qy ieho ijgw kr skdI hY[ SPC vkr qy C ibMdu qy smSq mMg iv`c viriD rwhI byrojgwrI ƒ iek
1
vwr dubwrw 2 pRiqSq q`k GtwieAw jw skdw hY, jdo q`k
AsI D ibMdu qy nhI phucwdy hY[ D ibMdu qy 6 piqSq sPIiq
Aqy 2 pRiqSq byrojgwrI dy nwl mjdurW dy leI sPIiq dI
pRqSwiSq dr 4 pRiqSq hY[ ijvy hI ieh 6 pRiqSq sPIiq
dr dI nvI pirsiQiqAW qy ApxI pRqXwSwvW ƒ ivvsiQq
krdy hY qW QoVy smy iv`c iPilps vkr dubwrw a`qy SPC
3
qy iSPt kr jwdW hY Aqy byrojgwrI E ibMdu qy 3 pRiqSq dI
ApxI kudrqI dr qy dubwrw v`D jwvygI[ jykr A, C Aqy E
ibMduAW ƒ imlwieAw jwdW hY qW byrojgwrI dI kudrqI dr qy
iek AnulMb lMmy smy iPilps vkr LPC iKicAw jwdW hY[
vkr qy byrojgwrI Aqy sPIiq dy iv`c ivinmX (trade-off)
nhI huMdw hY blik A, C Aqy E ibMduAW qy sPIiq dI keI
drW iv`co koeI iek dr 3 pRiqSq dI kudrqI byrojgwrI dr
dy nwl myl KwdI hY[ byrojgwrI dr iv`c iesdI kudrqI dr
dy Qly koeI vI ktoqI qyjI nwl v`D rwhI Aqy AwKwr iv`c
ivsPot sPIiq lwvygI[ lyikn ieh kyvl AsQweI qor qy icqr 23.2

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