Page 263 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekweI-27: modirk nIqI

4. v`D qrlqw (High Liquidity) - kmriSAl bYNkW dy kol v`D qrlqw pweI jWdI hY ijsnwl auh kyNdrI bYNk È؇
dI swK nIiq rwhIN pRBwivq nhIN huMdy[ ieh vI modirk nIiq nUM G`t, pRBwvSwlI bxwauNdw hY[
5. ivdySI bYNk (Foreign Banks) - lgBg swry ivkwsSIl dySW ivc ivdySI kmriSAl bYNk ivDmwn huMdy
hn[ auh vI ivdySI pirsMpiqAW vycky Aqy Awpxy mu`K dPqrW qo mudrw k`Fky modirk nIiq nUM G`t pRBwvSwlI
bxw idMdy hn, jdik dyS dw kyNdrI bYNk mihMgI mudrw nIiq dw Anusrx kr irhw huMdw hY[
6. G`t bYNk mudrw (Less Bank Money) - ieho ijhy dySW ivc modirk nIiq iesleI vI sPl nhIN huMdI
ikauNik bYNk-mudrw dyS ivc kul mudrw pUriq dw iek Cotw ijhw Anupwq huMdI hY[ ijsdy pirxwm srUp, kyMdrI
bYNk pRBwvSwlI rUp nwl swK inXMqrx krx ivc AsmrQ huMdw hY[
7. bYNkW ivc mudrw jmw nhIN (Money not Deposited with Banks) - ssirD lok bYNkW ivc mudrw jmw
nhIN krvwauNdy pr ausnUM gihxy, sonw, vwsqivk sMpdw, s`ty pRdrSnkwrI apBog AwdI qy pRXog krdy hn[ ieho
ijhIAW ikirAWvW sPIiqkwrI dbwvW nUM pROqswihq krdIAW hn, ikauNik ieh modirk AiDkwrI dy inXMqrx
ivc nhIN AwauNdIAW hn[

‡≈√’ ivsqwrk modirk nIqI dy sMbD iv`c Apxy ivcwr ibAwn kro[

27.7 rwjkoSIX nIiq (Fiscal Policy)

1. Bwv (Meaning)
rwjkoSIX nIiq qoN Bwv siQrIkrx jW virDI dy leI srkwr rwhIN krwDwn Aqy swvrjink Krc dw pRXog hY[ “
rwjkoSIX nIiq qoN AsIN srkwr dy auhnW kMmW dw aulyK krdy hW jo srkwr dI pRwpiqAW Aqy KricAW nMU pRBwivq
krdy hn ijnW nUM AsIN Awm rUp nwl srkwr dI Su`D pRwpiqAW, ausdy AwiDkX Aqy Gwty rwhIN mwipq mMn lYNdy
hn[”(By fiscal policy we refer to government actions affecting its receipts and expenditures
which we ordinarily take as measured by the government’s net receipts, its surplus or deficit)
injI apBog Aqy invyS ivc ieqrwjXog (undesirable) bdlwvW nUM srkwr swvrjink KricAW Aqy krW
dy pRiq-ckrIX (anti-cyclical) bdlwvW rwhIN sMquilq kr skdI hY[ AwrQr ismQIj ny rwjkoSIX nIiq nUM
ies qrW pirBwiSq kIqw hY, “ieh AYsI nIiq hY ijsdy AMqrgq srkwr Awpxy Krc Aqy rwjsv kwrjkumW
nUM rwStrI Awmdn, aqpwdn Aqy rojgwr qy ApyiSq pRBwv pYdw krx Aqy AnpyiSq pRBwv rokx dy leI pRXog
krdI hY[”(A policy under which the government uses its expenditure and revenue programmes
to produce desirable effects and avoid undesirable effects on the national income, production
and employment) jykr rwjkoSIX nIiq dw AMiqm lkS ArQivvsQw dw lMby smyM dw siQrIkrx hY, iPr vI
ieh lkS kyvl AlpkwlIn AwriQk aqwr-cVwv nUM sMBwlx nwl hI pUrw ho skdw hY[ ies pRsMg ivc AotO
eykstIn ny rwjkoSIX nIqI nUM ieauN pirBwiSq kIqw hY ik ieh “ krW Aqy KricAW ivc bdlwv hY ijsdw lkS
pUrx rojgwr Aqy kImq-p~Dr siQrqw dy AlpkwlIn audySW nUM pUrw krnw hY["

(This refers to “changes in taxes and expenditures which aim at shortrun goals of full employment
and price-level stability.”)

2. rwjkoSIX nIqI dy audyS (Objectives of Fiscal Policy)

rwjkoSIX nIqI dy inmn ¿πÁ∂Ùy hn-
1. purx rojgwr pRwpq Aqy kwiem krxw[

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