Page 264 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

smStI ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ 2. kImq p`Dr ƒ siQr krxw[
3. ArQ-ivvsQw dI viriD dr ƒ siQr krxw[
4. Bugqwn SyS iv`c sMquln kwiem krxw[
5. G`t ivkisq dySW dy AwriQk ivkws ƒ v`Dwxw[

3. rwjkoSIX nIqI dy Aojwr (Instruments of Fiscal policy)
srkwrI Krc Aqy krwDwn iv`c bdlwv dy mwiDAm nwl rwjkoSIX nIqI pRblrup iv`c rwStrI Awmdn, rojgwr
aqpwdn Aqy kImqW ƒ pRBwivq krdI hY[ mMdI dy dorwx swrvjink Krc iv`c viriD vsquAW Aqy syvwvW dy
leI kul mMg ƒ v`DdI hY Aqy guxk pirikirAW dy rwh iv`c Awmdn dI v`DI viriD krdI hY, jdik krW iv`c
kMmI dw pRBwv ieh huMdw hY ik pRXojX Awmdn v`DdI hY ijdy pirxwmsvrup lokW dy aupBog Aqy invyS Krc v`D
jWdy hn[ dujy pwsy, sPIiq dy dorwx swrvjink Krc iv`c hox vwlI kMmI kul mMg, rwStrI Awmdn, rojgwr,
aqpwdn Aqy kImqW ƒ G`tw dydI hY, jdik krW iv`c viriD pRXojX (disposable) Awmdn ƒ G`twdI hY Aqy
pirxwmsvrup apBog Aqy invyS KricAW ƒ G`t kr iddI hY[ ies qrW Krc Aqy krwDwn kwrjk@m XukiqXukq
sMXog rwhI srkwr ArQ-ivvsQw iv`c AvsPIiqkwrI aqy sPIiqkwrI dbwvW ƒ inXMqirq kr skdI hY[ hux
AsI rwjkoSIX nIqI dy ivivD swDnW dI crcw krWgy[
1. bjt nIqI (Budgetary Policy) - pRiq-ckrIX rwjkoSIX nIqI (Contra-cyclical Fiscal Policy) –
bjt rwjkoSIX nIqI dw iek mu`K swDn hY[ bjt nIiqAW srkwr dI pRwpiqAW Aqy Krco dy pirmwx Aqy sMbD
iv`c inXMqrx krdI hY[ AwmI Eun Awm bjt nIiqAW dI g`l krdy hn, jyVI ArQivvsQw ƒ siQr bnwny leI
A5nweI jw skdI hY —
(i) bjt G`wtw (Budget Deficit) - mMdI iv`c rwjkoSIX nIqI (Fiscal
Policy under Depression) – G`wty dI bjt nIqI qy kwbU pwx dw
m`hqvpurx aupwey hY[ jd srkwrI Krc auhdI pRwpqI qo v`D jwdW hY qW
rwStrI Awmdn dI Dwrw iv`c audy qo v`D mwqrwvW pwieAw jwidAW hn
ijnI ik auhdy qo k`fI heI hY[ Gw`tw srkwr dy SuD (net) Krc ƒ pyS
krdw hY, jyVw rwStrI Awmdn ƒ SuD Krc dw guxk guxw (multiplier
times) v`DwdI hY[ jykr MPC2/3 hY qW guxk 3 hovygw Aqy jykr
srkwrI Krc iv`c 100 krof rupy dI SuD viriD hodI hY, qW auh rwStrI
Awmdn ƒ v`Dwky 300 krof rupy (100 × 3) qy puMjw dyvygI[ ies qrW
bjt-Gw`tw kul mMg qy ivsqwrk pRBwv (expansionary effect) pMdw icqr 27.2
hY Bly hI rwjkoSIX pirikirAW iv`c sImWq pRiviriqAW Aqy pRXojX pRwpiqAW dw dubwrw ivqrx hovy[ bjt
dw ivsqwr nwl pRBwv icqr 27.1 iv`c AwryKIX rup iv`c ivAKwieAw igAw hY[ C apBog Pln hY[C + I +
G, bjt pyS krx qo pwihlw apBoh , invyS Aqy srkwrI Krc (kul Krc Pln) ƒ pyS krdw hY[ mMn lvo ik
ArQ-ivvsQW iv`c srkwrI Krc G v`DwieAw jWdw hY[ pirxwmsvrup kul Krc Pln au`qy dI Aor srk ky C
+ I + G’ q`k pMuj jWdw hY[ Awmdn OY qo v`Dky OY ho jWdI hY, jdik sMquln siQiq E qo E qy clI jWdI
1 1
hY[ srkwrI Krc iv`c viriD E B (= ∆ G) dI bjwey Awmdn iv`c viriD YY + EA = E A v`D hY BA (E A
1 1 1 1
– E B) apBog iv`c viriD ƒ ibAwn krdw hY[ ies qrW bjt Gw`tw sdw ivsqwrk hMudw hY ikauik vwsqivk
1
srkwrI Krc ƒ mwqrw dI bjwey rwStrI Awmdn iv`c viriD huMdI hY[ bjt G`wty dy ies qrIky nwl krW ƒ
ijvyN dw iqvyN r`iKAw jwdW hY[
bjt Gw`tW krW iv`c kMmI krdy Aqy ibnW srkwrI krc iv`c kMmI ikqy vI pRwpq kIqw jw skdw hY[ krW iv`c
kMmI lokW dy hwQW iv`c ijAwjdwqr v`D pRXojX Awmdn Cf dydI hY Aqy ies qrW v`Dy hoey apBoh Krc ƒ pRyirq
krdI hY[ iesdy pirxwmsvrup AMgy kul mMg, aqpwdn Awmdn Aqy rojgwr iv`c viriD krdI hY[ iesƒ icqr
27.2 iv`c spSt kIqw igAw hY, ijQy C mul apBog Pln hY[ mMn lvo ik kr iv`c ET mwqrw G`tw idqI jWdI
hY[ iedy nwl apBog Pln au`qy dI Aor srk ky C’ qy pMuj jwvygw Aqy OY qo v`Dky Awmdn OY ho jwvygI[
1

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