Page 265 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekweI-27: modirk nIqI

pr, krW iv`c kMmI v`Dy hoey apBog Krc dy mwrg qo bhuq ivsqwrk nhI huMdI, ikauik ho skdw hY ik kr rwhq È؇
iv`c apBog qy n Krc kIqy jwey Aqy bcw idqw jwvy[ jykr vpwr prqXwSwvW nIcI ho, qW ho skdw hY ik vpwirk
vI v`D invyS n kry[ ies qrW dy KqirAW qo bcx dy leI srkwr ƒ cwihdw hY ik krW iv`c kMmI dy nwl v`Dy
hoey srkwrI Krc dI nIqI dw Anusrx kry[ iesdw guxk pRBwv aus AvsQw qo kIqy v`D hovygw, jd AsI ieh
vI mMn ly ik kr-rwhq dy kwrx ku| apBog Aqy invyS Krc vI v`Ddy hn[
(ii) bcq dw bjt (Surplus budget) qyjI nwl rwjkoSIX nIqI (Fiscal policy under boom) bjt dI bcq
nIqI qd hUMdI hY, jd srkwrI Krc rwjsv qo v`d jWdw hY[ ArQ-ivvsQw dy iv`c sPIiqkwrI dbwvW qy inXMqrx
krx dy leI bcq dy bjt dI nIqI dw Anusrx kIqw jWdw hY[ ieh krwDwn iv`c viriD jW srkwrI Krc iv`c
kMmI krx jW donW dy mwiDAm nwl ho skdw hY[ iedy nwl Awmdn Aqy kul
mMg iv`c kMmI hovygI, jyVI (kMmI) dI v`Dy hoey krW dy pirxwmsvrup srkwrI
jW/Aqu injI apBog Krc iv`c kMmI dw guxk gux (multiplier times) dy
brwbr hovygI[ iesƒ icqr 27.1 dI mdd nwl spSt kIqw jw skdw
hY ijQy ArQ-ivvSQw E qy SuruAwqI sMquln siQiq iv`c hY[ mMn lyvo ik
1
srkwrI Krc iv`c ∆ G mwqrw iv`c kMmI ho skdI hY ijdy nwl kul Krc
Pln Q`ly dI Aor srk ky C + I + G qy Aw jWdw hY[ jdo E nvI sMquln
siQiq iv`c hY jyVu dsdI hY ik srkwrI Krc iv`c E B dI kMmI ho jwx
1
dy pirxwmsvrup Awmdn OY qo if`gky OY ho geI hY[ Awmdn iv`c hox
1
vwlI kMmI Y Y = AE>E B jyVI Krc iv`c kMmI hoeI hY, ikauik apBog
1 1
iv`c vI BA dI kMmI ho jWdI hY[
icqr 27.3
jdo krW iv`c viriD ho jWdI hY qW srkwrI Krc dy rihdy hoey vI bcq
dw bjt ho skdw hY[ v`Dy hoey kr lokW dI pRwXojX Awmdn ƒ G`twdy
hn Aqy apBog Krc iv`c kMmI ƒ pyRqswhn iddy hn[ pirxwm ieh
huMdw hY ik kul mMg, aqpwdn Awmdn Aqy rojgwr iv`c kMmI huMdI hY[
iesƒ icqr 27.3 iv`c spSt kIqw igAw hY[ kr lgwx qo pwihlW
C apBog Pln hY[ mMn lyvo kI ET dy brwbr kr lgieAW igAw hY
qW apBog Pln Q`ly dI Aor srk ky C qy Aw jWdw hY[ nvI sMquln
1
siQiq E hY[ pirxwmq Awmdn OY qo if`gky OY ho jWdI hY[
1 1
(iii) sMquilq bjt guxk (Balanced Budget Multiplier) – iek hor
ivsqwrvwdI rwjkoSIX nIqI hY – sMquilq bjt[ ies siQiq iv`c krW
iv`c viriD Aqy srkwrI Krc iv`c viriD dI mwqrw brwbr huMdI hY[ icqr 27.4
iesdw pirxwm ieh huMdw hY ik SuD rwStrI Awmdn v`DdI hY[ iesdw
kwrx ieh hY ik kr lgwx dy kwrx apBog iv`c kMmI srkwrI Krc dy brwbr nhI hMdI hY[

2. SqIpUrk rwjkoSIX nIqI (Compensatory Fiscal Policy)
SqIpUrk rwjkoSIX nIqI dw lkS, swrvjink Krco Aqy krW dw jox-qox krky, sPIiq Aqy AvsPIiq dy pRiq
icrkwilk pRivriqAW dy ivruD ArQivvsQw dI SqIpUrqI krxw hY[ iesleI iesdy leI AwvSiek ho skdw
hY ik iksy inSicq smy qy sdw dy leI apwieAW dI bjwey lMmysmy dy bwd rwjkoSIX aupwey Apnwey jwx[ jd
ArQivvSQw iv`c AvsPIiqkwrI pRiviriqAW hovy qW srkwr ƒ cwihey ik G`wty dy bjt Aqy krW iv`c kMmI dy
mwiDAm nwl Apxy Krc G`twx[ injI invyS iv`c kMmI dI SqIpUrqI dy leI Aqy ArQivvsQw dy AMdr pRBwvI
mMg, rojgwr, aqpwdn Aqy Awmdn vD`waux dy leI AYsw krnw jrUrI hY[ dujy pwsy, jdoN sPIiqkwrI pRvriqAW
hox qW srkwr nUM cwihdw hY ik bcq dw bjt bxwky Aqy krW nUM vD`wky Awpxy Krc G`twvy qWik pUrx rojgwr pD`r
qy ArQivvsQw siQr bxweI jw sky[ SqIpUrk rwjkoSIX nIqI dy do mwrg hn: (i) AwBXMqirk siQrIkwrk
(Built-in-Stabilisers) Aqy (ii) svinrxXwqmk kMm (discretionary action)[
(1) AwBXMqirk siQrIkwrk (Built-in-Stabilisers) – AwBXMqirk jW siQirkwrk dw Bwv huMdw hY srkwr dy

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