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iekweI–3: AwriQk kilAwx Aqy rwStrI Awmdn




            Aor hUdw hY qW AwriQk kilAwx iv`c kMmI hMdI hY[ieho ijhw jd huMdw hY qd srkwr DnI vrgW ƒ ijAwdw lwB   È؇
            phucwdI hY Aqy grIbW qy AvrohI (regressive) kr lgwey jMdy hn[
            rwStrI Awmdn dy ivqrx Aqy AwriQk kilAwx dw vwsqivk sMbD dujy qrHw dy hsqWqrx dy nwl hY, jd
            Dn AmIrW qo grIbW dI Aor jwdW hY[ rwStrI Awmdn dw grIbW dy pS iv`c punrivqrx AmIrW dy Dn ƒ kt
            krky Aqy grIbW dI Awmdn ƒ vD`ky ikqw jwdw hY[ DnI vrgo dI Awmdn ƒ keI qrHw dy qrIky Apxwkr kt
            ikqw jw skdw hY ijvy, Awmdn, sMpiq AwdI qy AwrohI (progressive) kr lgwxw, iekwiDkwr dw inXqrx
            krxw, swmwijk syvwvW dw rwStrIkrx krxw Aqy AmIrW rwhI pRXog kI jwx vwlI mMhgI Aqy ivlwisqw idAw
            vsquAwvW qy kr lgwxw AwdI[ iehdy ivprIq  grIbW dI Awmdn ƒ vI keI qrIikAw dy nwl viD~Aw jw skdw
            hY ijvy, nXunqm mjdUrI dr inScq krky, vsquAw dy aqpwdskW ƒ ivqIAw mdd dykr, vsquAw dw ivqrx
            shkwrI storo rwhI krky Aqy  grIbW ƒ muPq iSSw, swmwijk surSw Aqy kt ikrwey qy mkwx pRdwn krky[ auqy
            ilKy apwXO dy nwl jd rwStrI Awmdn dw ivqrx grIbW dy pS iv`c huMdw hY qW AwriQk kilAwx iv`c virDI
            hovygI[ pIgU ny ies ivcwn ƒ ien SbdW iv`c ibAwn ikqw hY, “koeI vI kwrx, jyVw ik vwsqivk Awmdn
            dy bhuq AiDk ihsy dI grIbW dy hk iv`c virDI krdw hY jykr auh iksy iv drItIkox nwl rwStrI lwBWS dy
            Awkwr ivc kMmI nhI lwdW qW AwmqOr qy AwriQk kilAwx ƒ vD`vygw[”
            pr ieh jrUrI nhI hY ik rwStrI Awmdn dy smwn ivqrx qoN AwriQk kilAwx ivc virDI hovy[ iesdy al`t
            jy AmIrW dy leI ApnweI jwx vwlI nIqI ivvykpUrn nw hovy qW AwriQk kilAwx iv`c kMmI dI vD` sMBwvnw
            pweI jWdI hY[ bhuq v`D aucI dr qy lgwey gey AwrohI aqpwdn Smqw Aqy puMjI invyS Aqy inrmwx qy burw
            pRBwv pwdy hn ijdy nwl rwStrI Awmdn G`t ho jWdI hY[ iesI qrHw srkwrI pRXqnW rwhI jd grIbW dI Aw-
            mdn iv`c virDI hox nwl jykr auh iesdw pRXog Srwb, juey AwdI burI vsquAW qy Krc krdy hn, jw auhnW
            dI jnsNiKAW virDI ho jWdI hY qW AwriQk kilAwx iv`c kMmI hMudI hY pr ieh dovy glW vsqivk nhI, kyvl
            fr hY ikaik jd srkwr AmIrW qy keI qrHw dy AwrohI kr lgwdI hY qw ies g`l dw ivSys iDAwn rKdI hY ik
            ausdw aqpwdn Aqy invyS qy burw pRBwv n pwvy[ dujI Aor jd iksy grIb  ivAkqI dI Awmdn vD`dI hY qW
            ayuhdw ieh koiSS huMdI hY ik auh Awpxy bwicAw ƒ cMgI iSSw dyvy Aqy Awpxw rwihx swihx dw sqr aucw kry[
            ies nwl AsI ies nqIjw pujdy hn ik rwStrI Awmdn iv`c virDI nwl AwriQk kilAwx iv`c vI virDI
            huMdI hY pr Srq ieh hY ik grIbW dI Awmdn G`t n hokr v`dy Aqy auh Awpxy rwihx-swihx dy sqr ƒ suDwry
            Aqy AmIrW dI Awmdn ies qrHw kt ho ik aqpwdn Smqw, invyS Aqy puMjI – sNcX iv`c kMmI n Awny pey[






                 È؇√       AwriQkyqr kilAwx swmwijk kilAwx dw auh Bwg hY ijhƒ mudrw iv`c mwipAw nhI
                            jw skdw, ijvy nYiqk kilAwn[


            √ÚÀ ÓπÒª’‰ (Self Assessment)
            bhuivklpIAw pRSn (Multiple Choice Questions):
               4.   AwriQk kilAwx swmwijk kilAwn dw auh ihsw hY ijhƒ pRqXS jw ApRqXS rup dy nwl mwipAw
                   jw skdw hY –
                   (a) mudrw nwl                       (A) vsqu nwl
                   (e) ivAkqI nwl                      (s) smwj nwl[
               5.   kMm krx dy v`D GNty Aqy Krwb hwlq ……………… kilAwx ƒ G`t kr iddy hn[
                   (a) AwriQk                          (A) AwriQkyqr
                   (e) swmwijk                         (s) iedy iv`co koeI nhI[




                                 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY                                                35
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