Page 42 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

simSt ArQSwsqr dy isDWq

È؇ 6. AwriQk kilAwx kul kilAwx dw nhI ho skdw -
(a) inrdySk (A) AwdySk
(e) invySk (s) iedy iv`co koeI nhI[

3.3 rwStrI Awmdn AwriQk kilAwx dy mwp dy rup ivc
(National Income as a Measure of Economic Welfare)

GNP AwriQk kilAwx dw sNqoSjnk mwp nhI hY ikaik rwStrI Awmdn dy Anumwno iv`c kuJ syvwvW Aqy aqpwdn
kirAwvW swml nhI huMdI hY jyVI kI kilAwx ƒ pRBwivq krdI hY[Qwly kuJ ihhO ijhy GtkW dI ivAiKAw ikqI jw
rwhI hY jyVy ik mwnv kilAwx ƒ pRBwivq krdy hY lyikn GNP Anumwno iv`c Swml nhI ikqy jWdy hY[
ivSrwm (Leisure) – smwj dy kilAwx ƒ pRBwivq krx vwlw iek mhqvpurx q`q ivSrwm hY pr GNP iv`c
swml nhI ikqw jwdw hY[adwhrx dy leI kMm krx dy ijAwdw GNty lokW dI KuSI ƒ G`t kr skdy hn ikaik
auhnW dw ivSrwm Gt ho jwdW hY[ iehdy dujI Aor hr hPqy kMm krx dy G`t GNty ivSrwm ƒ v`D iddy hn Aqy
lokW ƒ KuS rKdy hn[ smwj rwhI v`D jo G`t ivSrwm lYx nwl ArQ-ivvsQw dw kul aqpwdn pRBwivq huMdw
hY[ pr rwStrI Awmdn dy AnumwnW iv`c ivSrwm dw mu`l nhI ilqw jwdW hY[
jIvn dI guxvqw (Quality of life) – GNP dy AnumwnW iv`c jIvn dI guxvqw smwl nhI huMdI hY jyVI kI
smwj dy kilAwx ƒ pRiqibmibq krdI hY[ijAwdw BIV vwly ShrW iv`c jIvn qnwvW nwl BirAw huMdw hY[
sVkW qy bhoq BIV huMdI hY ijdy nwl smy dw nwS huMdw hY[ roj durGtnwvW huidAw hY jyVI kI lokW ƒ ApMg kr
idMdI hY jW mwr idMdI hY[ vwqwvrx dUiSq ho jwdW hY[ pirvhn, invws, ivDuq, jl AwdI dI smisAwvW pYdW
huMdI hY[ AprwD vDwdy hn[jIvn jitl bx jwdW hY Aqy jIvn dI kotI iv`c igrwvt AWdI hY[pirxwmsrup
swmwijk kilAwx G`t huMdw hY[ pr ShrI jIvn dy ieh swry qnwv rwStrI Awmdn dy AnumwnO iv`c swiml nhI
ikqy jWdy hY[ dUjI Aor ieho ijhy QvW qy ijQy BIV nhI huMdI Aqy lok swP vwXu Aqy kudrq dI suNdrqw dw syvn
krdy hY auQy jIvn dI kotI iv`c virDI huMdI hY[ pr ieh vI GNP iv`c pRiqibmibq nhI hMudI hY[
gYr mwrikt lyndyn (Non-market Transactions) – kuJ gYr mwrikt lyndyn kilAwx iv`c virDI krdy
hn pr auh rwStrI Awmdn dy AnumwnW iv`c swml nhI ikqy jWdy[grihxI dI Gr dI syvwvW Aqy swmwijk
kirAwvW ijvy Dwrimk aqswv lokW dy kilAwn ƒ pRBwivq krdy hY pr auh GNP dy AnumwnW iv`c swml nhI
kIqI jWdI ikaik ieho ijhI syvwvW pRdwn krx nwl koeI mwrikt lyndyn nhI AWdy hn[

’∆ Âπ√ƒ ‹≈‰Á∂ ‘Ø jykr rwStrI Awmdn iv`c virDI SrimkW dw SoSx krky hoeI ho qW AwriQk
kilAwx iv`c virDI nhI khI jw skdI[

bihrBwv (Externalities) – ies qrHw bihrBwv vI kilAwx ƒ v`Dwx jW G`t krx dI pRviq rKdy hY pr
auh vI GNP AnumwnW iv`c swml nhI kIqy jWdy hn[ iek bihrBwv ivAkiqgq aqpwdn Aqy apBog dy
pirxwmsvrup iksy dujy ivAkiqAw qy lwgq jw lwB huMdw hY[ pr iek bihrBwv dI lwgq jW lwgq mudrw rwhI
nhI mwpI jw skdI ikaik ieh mwrikt kirAwvW iv`c Swml nhI hudI hY[ bihr lwB dw iek adwhrx iek
ivAkqI ƒ Awpxy pfosI dy cMgy bgIcy ƒ vyKx dy nwl imlwx vwlI KuSI[ bihr lwB dw iek adwhrx AoDoigk
plWtW rwhI dUiSq vwqwvrx hY[ pihlW kilAwx iv`c virDI krx dI Aqy dujW kilAwx ƒ G`t rKx dI pR-
virqI kKdw hY[ ikaik bihbrwv ibnw lyn dyn dI prspr inrBrqw hMudI hY iesleI ieh rwStrI Awmdn
dy Anumwno iv`c Swml nhI kIqI jw skdI hY[
aqpwdn dI pRkrIqI (Nature of Production) - GNP dy AnumwnW iv`c iBn vsquAW rwhI swmj ƒ
iBn-iBn sMquSit dw sqr pRdwn krx dI Smqw pRiqibmibq nhI hMudI hY[ iek Axu bm jW iek ndI dy auqy

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