Page 43 - DECO402_MACROECONOMIC_THEORY_PUNJABI

iekweI–3: AwriQk kilAwx Aqy rwStrI Awmdn

bMn bnwx qy ikqw igAw smwn Krc rwStrI Awmdn iv`c swmn virDI krdw hY pr ieh smwj ƒ sMqusit dy È؇
iBn – iBn sqr pRdwn krdy hY[ iek bm kilAwx ivc ivrDI nhI krdw jdik iek bMn birDI krdw hY[
rwihx swihx dw p`Dr (Standard of Living) - GNP dy Anumwn smwj dy rwihx swihx dy sqr ƒ vI
ibAwn nhI krdy hY[ jykr rwStrI Krc dw ijAwdw ihsw XuD dw smwx bnwx Aqy puMjI pdwrDQW qy Krc ikqw
jwdw hY Aqy G`t ihsw apBogqw vsquAw dy inrmwx qy qW ieh ANqrrwStrI Awsdn dy AnumwnW ivc ivKweI
nhIN idqw pr apBygqw vsqUvW dy aqpwdn iv`c kMmI lokW dy kilAwx ƒ G`t krx dI pRvqI rKdI hY, jdik
XuD dy smwn Aqy puMjI pdwrQW qy ikqw igAw Krc vrqmwn iv`c kilAwx ƒ nhI vD`dw hY[
auqy ibAwn ikqy gey sImwAW dy dSitkox nwl GNP kilAwx dy mwp dy rup iv`c pyS nhI ikqw jw skdw hY[
Pyr vI, kuJ ArQSwsqirAW ny GNP dI pirBwSW ƒ ivsqirq krx dI koiSS ikqI hY qwik ieh AwriQk
kilwAwx dw mwp ho sky[ ies Aor pihlW pRXws pRo. norDos (Nordhaus) Aqy toibn ny 1972 iv`c ikqw[ iehwny
AwriQk kilAwx dI mwp (Measure of Economic Welfare - MEW) inrimq ikqI hY ijƒ sYmXulsn SuD
AwriQk kilAwx (Net Economic Welfare - NEW) kihdy hn[
norDos Aqy toibn dy muqbwk, auhwnw ny MEW dy swry aupBog ijdy nwl mwnv kilAwx huMdw hY auhƒ mwpx dw
Xwqn ikqw hY[MEW dy mu`l dw Anumwx lYx leI auh apBog ivco dI kuJ mdy G`tw iddy hn jyVI kilAwn
pRdwn nhI krdI hY[ ijvy SocnIA loxW (regrettable necessities) ijdy iv`c surSw, puils, sPweI AwdI qy
srkwrI Krc Aqy pury idn skutr bs jW gwfI rwhI Gr qo kwrX Qwl qy jwx dw injI ivAkiqAw dw Krc
swml hY[ dujy swirAw GrylU itkwau vsquAW qy apBogqw Krc ijdy iv`c skutr, kwr, tI. vI., rufIa, kpfy
Qov dI mSIn, Pirz AwdI Swml hY[ Aqy qIjy irxwqmk bihrBwvW (negative externalities) dy nwl pYdw
hox vwlI Anumwinq lwgqy jyVI ik ShrIkrx, BIVBwf Aqy p®duSx dy kwrx pweI jWdI hY[

ieh mdW ƒ G`twx qo bwd, norDos Aqy toibn hyT ilKI qIn mdW apBog iv`c jmw kr iddy hY[ ieh hn –
(1) mwriktyqr kirAwvW dy mu`l (value of non-market activities): (2) vwsqivk qor qy apBog ik geI
itkwa apBogqw vsquAw dy mul dy Anumwn Aqy (3) ivSrwm dy mul dy Anumwn[

MEW dw Anumwx iv`c norDos Aqy toibn ivsrwm dy m`lAWkx qy ijAwdw bl iddy hn[ iedy leI auh do ivDIAW
Apnwdy hn : vYklipk lwgq ivDI Aqy XDwrD mu`l ivDI[ pihlI ivDI ies isDWq qy AwDwirq hY ik jd
koeI ivAkqI ijAwdw ivSrwm lYx dw cunwv krdw hY qW ieho ijhw hmySw ADIk Awmdn iqAwgx dI lwgq
qy huMdw hY[ iek GMty dy ivSrwm dw ArQ hYY iek GMty dI mjdUrI iqAwgxw [ ahnW dy AnumwnW dy muqwibk,
vYklipk lwgq dvwrw mwpy gey ivSrwm dw mu`l keI swlW qoN inrMqr v`D irhw hY[ ikauNik smyN dy nwl pRqI
GMtw vwsqivk mjduUrI dr inrMqr v`D rhI hY[ ies leImu`l iviD ivSrwm dy mu`l nUM iek GMty dy ivSrwm dvwrw
pRdwn kIqy gey vwsqivk AwnMd (apXoigqw ) rwhI mwpdI hY[

‡≈√’ AwriQk kilAwx qy Awpxy ivcwr d`so[

iesy qrW dIAW mu`lAWkx iviDAW dI vrqoN krky , norDos Aqy toibn ny sMXukq rwj AmrIkw iv`c MEW dw
jo 1965 dw Anumwn lwieAw aho 1200 ibilAn fwlr sI jo asI swl dI GNP qoN dugxw sI[ 1929-65
dI AviD iv`c hr ivAkqI MEW dw Anumwn 1.1 pRiqSq pRiqvrS sI jdoN ik pRiq ivAkqI GNP dw
Anumwn 1.7 pRiqSq sI [ ieh Anumwn spS`t krdy hn ik ies AviD iv`c AmrIkw dy AwriQk kilAwx
iv`c ABUqpUrv viriD hoeI[
prMqu aup`r dy ivvycn qoN ieh inSkrS nhIN kFxW cwihdw ik MEW dI Dwrxw GNP nUM pRiqsQwipq krdI
hY[ AiDkqr ieh GNP dI purk hY ijs iv`c AwriQk kilAwx nUM GNP iv`c nwl sMbiDq krx leI ies
iv`c mwriktyqr ikirAWvW vI Swiml kIqIAW geIAW hn[

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 37