Page 193 - DECO404_PUBLIC_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—16% yksd ½.k osQ izHkko % lkoZtfud ½.k rFkk vk£Fkd fodkl

(6) ;fn Í.k tYnh pqdk fn;k tkrk gS rks ;g Hkkoh lUrfr dks Í.k osQ Hkkj ls cpkrk gSA uksV
(7) tc yksd Í.kksa dk Hkqxrku fd;k tkrk gS] rks og lkèku xSj&ljdkjh fuos'k dh vksj dks LFkkukUrfjr
gks tkrs gSaA bl fLFkfr esa xSj&ljdkjh fuos'k (private investment) osQ fy, okrkoj.k rS;kj
gksrk gSA
(8) Í.kksa dh okfil vnk;xh eqnzk&voLiQhfr lEcUèkh mik; (deflationary measure) osQ :i esa
dk;Z dj ldrh gSA

16-8 Í.k&okfilh dh jhfr;k¡ (Methods of Repayment)

vc ge Í.k&okfilh osQ fofHkUu rjhdksa dh jhfr;ksa dk vè;;u djsaxsA ;s jhfr;k¡ fuEu izdkj gSaµ

(1) Í.k udkj (Debt Repudiation)

Í.k&udkj dk vFkZ gS ljdkj }kjk Í.k dh vnk;xh ls bUdkj djukA lu~ 1917 esa lksfo;r ljdkj }kjk ,slk
fd;k x;k Fkk tcfd mlus tkj dkyhu Í.kksa dks vnk djus ls euk dj fn;k FkkA blh izdkj la;qDr jkT;
vesfjdk osQ oqQN jkT;ksa us Hkh lu~ 1861&65 osQ x`g&;q¼ ls iwoZ ,slk gh fd;k Fkk ftUgksaus vaxzst ukxfjdksa ls
fy, x;s Í.kksa dh vnk;xh ls bUdkj dj fn;k FkkA
tc ljdkj Í.k dh vnk;xh ls bUdkj djrh gS rks ljdkj esa yksxksa rFkk cSadksa dk fo'okl fgy tkrk gSA blls
fiQj fudV Hkfo"; esa ljdkj dks u;s Í.k tkjh djus esa dfBukbZ dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA ljdkj osQ bl ix
dks cM+k vU;k;iw.kZ rFkk Hksnewyd ekuk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;g lEifÙk osQ ekfydksa osQ osQoy ,d oxZ dks gh
izHkkfor djrk gS] vFkkZr~ osQoy ml oxZ dks tksfd yksd Í.k&i=kksa dks [kjhnrk gS vkSj vU; oxks± dks ;g
vizHkkfor gh NksM+ nsrk gSA ijUrq ,d bUdkjh (udkjh) osQ lkFk gh lkFk ;fn lEifÙk osQ ekfydksa dks okfilh
ls lEcfUèkr lHkh djkjksa ls ljdkj bUdkj dj nsrh gS rks vo'; Hksn&Hkko dh ckr ugha gksrhA ;fn Í.k okfilh
osQ lHkh le>kSrksa ;k djkjksa ls bUdkj dj fn;k tkrk gS rks mlls lkekftd ØkfUr dk Hk; jgrk gS ftlosQ izHkko
lekt osQ lHkh oxks± osQ fy, gkfudkjd gksrs gSaA
;fn ljdkj fons'kh Í.kksa dh okfilh ls bUdkj djrh gS rks blls ml ns'k osQ lkeus vusd xEHkhj dfBukb;k¡
mRiUu gks tkrh gSaA fons'kh ljdkjsa vius Í.kksa dks olwy djus osQ fy, vk£Fkd ukosQcUnh rFkk lSfud dk;Zokgh
tSls ixksa dk lgkjk ysrh gSaA blosQ vfrfjDr] ;g dksbZ cqf¼ekuh dh ckr Hkh ugha gS fd ljdkj }kjk Í.k&udkj
dh uhfr dk vuqlj.k fd;k tk, D;ksafd bls ,d vuSfrd (immoral) rFkk csbZekuhiw.kZ ix ekuk tkrk gSA
(2) Í.k&okfilh (Refunding)

;fn ljdkj vius pkyw Í.kksa dh vnk;xh osQ fy, u;s ckW.M tkjh djrh gS rks bls Í.k&okfilh dgk tkrk gSA
Í.k okfilh ml izfØ;k dk uke gS ftlosQ }kjk ifjiDo gksus okys ckW.Mksa (maturing bonds) osQ LFkku ij
u;s ckW.M cny fn;s tkrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh vofèk iw.kZ gksus dh frfFk ;k ifjiDo frfFk (maturity date) ls
iwoZ Í.kksa dh vnk;xh dj nh tkrh gSA ,slk rc gksrk gS tcfd C;kt dh nj de gksrh gS vFkok tc ljdkj
ckdh Í.kksa dh ifjiDo frfFk dks cnyuk pkgrh gSA ijUrq Í.k&okfilh dk vk'k; eq[;r% blfy, fy;k tkrk
gS rkfd Í.k osQ ifjiDo gksus ls lEcfUèkr vko';drkvksa dks iwjk fd;k tk losQA lkekU;r% vYidkyhu Í.k]
tksfd pkyw O;; dh iw£r osQ fy, [kpZ dj fn;s tkrs gSa ckn esa turk esa nh?kZdkyhu Í.kksa dh fcØh }kjk izkIr
èku ls vnk dj fn;s tkrs gSa rkfd mu vYidkyhu Í.kksa dk LFkku nh?kZdkyhu Í.k ys losaQA
(3) Í.kksa dk ifjorZu ;k cnyh (Conversion of Debts)

Í.kksa dh cnyh dk vFkZ gS iqjkus Í.kksa dk u;s Í.kksa esa ifjorZuA bl jhfr osQ vUrxZr] Í.k dh okLro esa
vnk;xh ugha dh tkrh] cfYd Í.k dk osQoy :i cny fn;k tkrk gSA Í.k cnyh dh izfØ;k ls eryc gksrk

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 187
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY