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yksd foÙk

uksV • iapk;r jkt O;oLFkk esa chp osQ Lrj ij iapk;r lfefr dk xBu fd;k tkrk gSA xqtjkr] egkjk"Vª vkSj
dukZVd dks NksM+dj vU; lHkh jkT;ksa esa ;g laLFkk [k.M&Lrj (block level) ij cukbZ tkrh gSA bu
jkT;ksa esa eè;orhZ laLFkk dk fuekZ.k rkYyqd Lrj ij fd;k tkrk gSA
• iapk;r jkt osQ r`rh; Lrj dh laLFkk vle dks NksM+dj vU; lHkh jkT;ksa esa ftyk Lrj ij LFkkfir dh
xbZ gS fdUrq vle esa ;g mie.My ;k ijxuk (sub-division) Lrj ij gSA rfeyukMq jkT;ksa esa] ftyk
Lrj dh laLFkk dk fuekZ.k djus osQ mís'; ls 13 ftyksa esa 22 fodkl ftyksa osQ :i esa lhekcUnh dj
nh xbZ gSA ftyk Lrj dh laLFkk dks vkUèkz izns'k] fcgkj] egkjk"Vª] mM+hlk] iatkc] jktLFkku] mÙkj izns'k
rFkk if'peh caxky esa ftyk ifj"kn~ dgk tkrk gSA

30-8 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

• vf/fu;e (Act)µfo/ku osQ varxZr cuk;k x;k fu;eA
• fudk; (Body)µlaLFkkA

30-9 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)

1- uxjikfydk osQ vk; osQ Ïksr dks crk,¡aA
2- uxj fuxe }kjk yxk;s tkus okys dj dks fy[ksaA
3- xzke iapk;r osQ dk;ks± dk o.kZu djsaA
4- iapk;r lfefr;ksa osQ dk;ks± dk o.kZu djsaA

5- ftyk ifj"kn~ osQ dk;ks± dk o.kZu djsaA
mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu (Answers: Self Assessment)

1. iapk;rh 2. ftyk ifj"knksa 3. uxjikfydkvksaA 4. (c)
5. (c) 6. (l)A

30-10 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ (Further Readings)

iqLrosaQ 1. yksd foÙkµ,p-,y- HkkfV;k] fodkl ifCy¯'kx gkml izk- fy-A

2. Hkkjrh; yksd foÙk iz'kkluµeatw"kk 'kekZ] vks-ih- cksgjk] jfo cqDlA
3. euh cSa¯dx % baVjus'kuy VsªM ,aM ifCyd iQkbusalµuh-FkkbZ- lkse'ks[kj] vueksy] 2004A
4. ifCyd iQkbusalµuanfd'kksj izlkn] ,chMh ifCyosQ'ku] 2011A

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
398 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY