Page 130 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV 5. eqnzk LiQhfr tc rsth ls c<+rh gS rc dkSu&lh fLFkfr vkrh gS&
(d) eanh ([k) iw.kZ jkstxkj (x) laiw.kZ jkstxkj (?k) buesa ls dksbZ ughaA

9-3 eqnzk&LiQhfr osQ dkj.k (Causes of Inflation)

fdlh ns'k esa eqnzk&LiQhfr dks izHkkfor djus okys dkj.kksa dks nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tk ldrk gSμ(v) ljdkjh uhfr ls
mRiUu LiQhfr] (c) vU; dkj.kA bu nksuksa oxks± osQ dkj.kksa ij vyx&vyx fopkj djuk vfèkd mi;qDr gksxkA
(v) ljdkjh uhfr (Policy of Government)

eqnzk&LiQhfr dk eq[; dkj.k ljdkj dh vkfFkZd uhfr gksrh gSA bl uhfr esa izk;% eqnzk dh ek=kk dks izHkkfordjus
okyh ckrsa fuEufyf[kr gks ldrh gSaμ
(1) ghukFkZ izcUèku (Deficit Financing)μ;q¼dky esa ;k fu;kstu ;qx esa izk;% ljdkj dk O;; cgqr
vfèkd c<+ tkrk gS] mldh iw£r dj yxkrkj ;k Í.k ysdj ugha dh tk ldrhA vr% ljdkj osQ ctV
esa ?kkVk jgrk gS ftls vko';d ek=kk esa uksV Nkidj iwjk fd;k tkrk gSA bls vk£Fkd Hkk"kk esa ghukFkZ
izcUèku (Dificit Financing) dgk tkrk gS vkSj blosQ ifj.kkeLo:i cktkj esa uksVksa dh ek=kk esa o`f¼
gks tkrh gS ftlls eqnzk&LiQhfr dh fLFkfr mRiUu gks tkrh gSA
(2) ;q¼tfur vk£Fkd ncko (War-created Economic Pressures)μ;q¼dkyhu vk£Fkd ncko izk;%
lHkh ns'kksa esa eqnzk&LiQhfr dk dkj.k jgk gs ijUrq gkjus okys ns'kksa esa LiQhfr vR;fèkd gqbZ gS
D;ksafd ,d rks gkjus okys ns'kksa esa mRiknu dk lkjk <k¡pk vR;fèkd fcxM+ tkrk gS_ nwljs] mUgsa thrus
okys ns'kksa dks gtkZus osQ :i esa cgqr cM+h jkf'k pqdkuh iM+rh gSA buosQ vfrfjDr] cckZnh vis{kkÑr
vfèkd gksus ls mu ns'kksa esa m|ksx rFkk O;olk; dk iquLFkkZiu djus esa vR;fèkd èku O;; djuk iM+rk
gSA bu lcdk lkewfgd ifj.kke eqnzk&LiQhfr osQ :i esa izdV gksrk gSA
(3) fodkltfur ncko (Development-created Strains)μorZeku dky esa izk;% lHkh vfodflr ns'kksa
eas eqnzk&LiQhfr dk okrkoj.k gS D;ksafd ;kstukc¼ fodkl osQ fy,] cgqr cM+h èkujkf'k [kpZ dh
tkrh gS ftldh iw£r dj c<+kdj ;k ns'k&fons'k ls mèkkj ysdj djus dh ps"Vk dh tkrh gS ijUrq fiQj Hkh
O;; osQ oqQN Hkkx dh iw£r ugha gks ikrhA lEHkor% budh O;oLFkk eqnzk dh ek=kk esa o`f¼ }kjk dh tkrh
gSA eqnzk dh ek=kk esa o`f¼ }kjk mRiUu LiQhfr pyu LiQhfr (Currency Inflation) dgykrh gSA
(4) O;kikj uhfr (Commercial Policy)μljdkj ;fn fons'kksa ls vkus okys eky ij fujUrj izfrcU/ yxk;s
j[krh gS rks ns'k osQ m|ksxksa dks Li¼kZ ls NwV fey tkrh gSA bl izdkj fujUrj laj{k.k dh Nk;k esa iyus
okys m|ksx f'kfFky ,oa fuf"Ø; gks tkrs gSa vkSj muesa mRiUu oLrqvksa osQ ewY;ksa esa o`f¼ gksrh tkrh gS
tks ns'k esa eqnzk&LiQhfr dk dkj.k cu tkrh gSA
dHkh&dHkh ljdkj fons'kksa dks eky fu;kZr djus dk cgqr iz;Ru djrh gS rkfd O;kikj lUrqyu ns'k
osQ i{k esa gks tk;sA ,slk djus esa dHkh&dHkh ns'k esa eky dh deh vuqHko gksus yxrh gS vkSj ewY;ksa
esa o`f¼ gksus yxrh gSA
(5) m|ksx uhfr (Industrial Policy)μvusd ns'kksa esa u;s m|ksxksa dh LFkkiuk ij ljdkj dk dM+k fu;U=k.k
jgrk gSA izR;sd u;h vkS|ksfxd bdkbZ dh LFkkiuk osQ fy, ykblsal ysuk vfuok;Z gksrk gS ftlosQ
ifj.kkeLo:i u;h vkS|ksfxd bdkb;ksa dh LFkkiuk /hjs&/hjs gksrh gSA vr% mRiknu dk Øe cgqr <hyk
vkSj xfrghu jgrk gSA eky dk mRiknu de jgus ls ns'k esa eqnzk&LiQhfr dh izo`fÙk;k¡ cy'kkyh gks tkrh gSaA

(6) ljdkj dh dj uhfr (Taxation Policy)μljdkj tc fu£er eky ij mRiknu dj yxkrh gS ;k
vk;&dj esa fujUrj o`f¼ djrh pyh tkrh gS rks lkglh o`fÙk fuRlkfgr gksrh gS vkSj m|ksx rFkk O;olk;
esa f'kfFkyrk vkrh gSA blls Hkh eqnzk&LiQhfr dks izksRlkgu feyrk gSA

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