Page 19 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—2% Hkkjr esa ;kstuk dh j.kuhfr

bu lc vuqHkoksa dks ysdj Hkkjr esa Lora=krk osQ ckn fu;ksftr vk£Fkd fodkl dh uhfr viuk;h x;hA uksV
fu;kstu&yksdrkaf=kd ifjizs{; esa viuk;k x;kA ,d vk£Fkd vkSj lkekftd Økafr dk y{; FkkA blh <kaps (Frame
work) osQ vUrxZr Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk fodkl gqvk vkSj fefJr vFkZO;oLFkk dks vkèkkj cuk;k x;kA ftlesa
futh {ks=k dks Hkh i;kZIr egRo fn;k x;kA bles ifjorZu Hkh gq,] 60&70 osQ n'kd esa] fo'ks"kdj 80 osQ n'kd (6oha
o 7oha ;kstuk) esa dkiQh ifjorZu] ysfdu vkèkkjHkwr n`f"Vdks.k esa dksbZ cnyko ughaA ifjfLFkfr;ksa] leL;kvksa rFkk
vkarfjd ,oa cká nckoksa osQ dkj.k oqQN ifjorZu djus dh vko';drk eglwl dh xbZ vkSj ifjorZu dh Hkh xbZ
ftls 80 osQ n'kd es bu ifjorZuksa dks mnkjhdj.k dgk x;kA
1991 esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa O;kid ifjorZu gq,A 1990&91 osQ vk£Fkd ladV osQ dkj.k&vFkZO;oLFkk esa
vkèkkjHkwr (Fundamental Change) fd;s x;s vkSj bls lajpukRed ifjorZu (Structural change) dgk x;k vkSj
Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dh iwjh fn'kk cny x;hA iqjkus Model dks Nehru-Mahalnovis Development Model
dgk tkrk gS] tcfd 91 osQ ifjorZu dks jko&eueksgu ekWMy dgk tkrk gSA blls vkS|ksfxd uhfr esa cnyko fd;k
x;kA ml le; tuekul ifjorZu osQ i{kèkj ugha Fks blfy, Nn~e ifjorZu fd, x,A
vkerkSj ij Economic Reforms dk eqík jktuhfrd eqík ugha jgk gS] tc fd Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa O;kid
ifjorZu fd;k x;kA 2004 osQ vke pquko dks bldk viokn ekuk tk ldrk gS] tSls India’s Shining dk eqíkA

bu lqèkkjksa esa State-Market dh lkis{k Hkwfedk esa vkèkkjHkwr ifjorZu vkSj New Industrial Policy esa cktkjksUeq[k
uhfr dks viuk;k x;kA bl ifjorZu osQ ihNs jk"Vªh; vuqHko] lo`f¼nj dk de gksuk] vk£Fkd ladV dk iSnk gksuk
eq[; dkj.k FkkA varjkZ"Vªh; ifjorZu&USSR dk Model foiQy gks x;k] tks izeq[k lkE;oknh ns'k Fks mUgksaus viuh
uhfr esa ifjorZu dj fy;k&fo'ks"krkSj ij phu] ftldks dkiQh liQyrk feyhA fo;ruke esa Hkh ifjorZu gqvkA
vk£Fkd lqèkkj (Economic Reforms) dh tks izfØ;k 1991 ls 'kq: gqbZ blesa dkiQh ifjorZu gq;s gSA dbZ {ks=kksa esa
ykHk Hkh gqvk gSA GDP esa mNky] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk dk varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij izfrLièkkZRed cukukA blosQ ckotwn
owQN leL;k;sa cuh gq;h gSA cgqr ls yksxksa dk ekuuk gS fd vk£Fkd lqèkkj dk;ZØe viw.kZ jgk gSA 'kq:vkrh nkSj
ls rst ysfdu ckn esa èkhek] bl dkj.k Hkkjr viuh iwjh {kerk osQ vuq:i izxfr ugha dj jgk gSA nwljh vkSj ;g
rF; gS fd vkt Hkh Hkkjr esa xjhch cgqr O;kid gSA cgqr lkjs yksxksa dk thou Lrj dkiQh fuEu] oqQiks"k.k] fuj{krk]
{ks=kh; vlekurk dh leL;k;sa Hkh xaHkhj gSA
bl nkSjku Ñf"k {ks=k lcls de ykHkkfUor gqvk gSA tcfd vkt Hkh 60 izfr'kr ls vfèkd tula[;k Ñf"k ls tqM+h
gqbZ gS tks lajpuk vkj uhfr;ksa nksuksa ls tqM+k gSA
lqèkkj ij nks fopkj gSaμ

1- ldkjkRedμvk£Fkd lqèkkj dk;ZØeksa dks vkxs c<+kuk] ftlls bldk ykHk lekt osQ lHkh yksxksa rd igqap
ik;s izèkkuea=kh us bls Inclusive Development dgk] vFkkZr~ tks leqnk; fodkl osQ ckgj jgs gSa] mUgsa
Hkh bldk ykHk feysA 11oha ;kstuk esa ;gh mís'; 'kfey gSA
2- udkjkRedμvk£Fkd lqèkkj dk;ZØe turk osQ fgr esa ugha] ;gh lHkh leL;kvksa dh tM+ gS vkSj bldks
vkxs c<+kus dk cM+k fgLlk ckgj gSA xjhch dh fLFkfr esa rks lqèkkj gqvk gSA ysfdu vlekurk esa btkiQk
gqvk gS] vkSj dgk tk jgk gS fd nks rjg dk Hkkjr mHkj dj vk jgk gS] bf.M;k vkSj HkkjrA

2-2 ;kstuk dh j.kuhfr] ewY;kadu ,oa mís'; (Strategies, Evaluation and
Objectives of Planning)

igyh ;kstuk&rnFkZ izdkj dh ;kstuk Fkh] blosQ ihNs dksbZ funsZf'kr j.kuhfr vkjfEHkd nkSj esa ugha FkkA f}rh; ;kstuk
j.kuhfr ;kstuk (Strategic Planning) dh 'kq:vkr gqbZ vkSj usg:&egkyuksfol ekWMy bldk vkèkkj FkkA ekuk
x;k fd vk£Fkd le`f¼ esa eq[; Hkwfedk fuos'k dh gS] fuos'k osQ fy, eq[; leL;k&iwathxr oLrqvksa dh miyCèkrk]

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