Page 22 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV mijksDr uhfrxr ifjorZuksa dk fu;kstu ij izHkko LFkkf;Ro ykus osQ fy, dne
rkRdkfyd dne tks mBk;s x;s mUgsa LFkkf;Ro ykus okyk dne dgk tkrk gSA budk nh?kZdkfyd egRo ugha gS]
tSlsμeqnzk dk voewY;u vk;krksa dks fu;af=kr djus esa lgk;rk feyh] ekSfnzd dne Hkh mBk;s x;s rFkk eqnzk vkiw£r
dks fu;af=kr djus osQ fy, C;kt njksa esa o`f¼ dh x;hA
lajpukRed lqèkkj }kjk ifjorZu (Change by Structural Reforms)

budk nh?kZdkfyd egRo gSA vkS|ksfxd uhfr 1956 Hkkjrh; vkS|ksfxd uhfr dk vkèkkj FkkA 1980 osQ n'kd esa blesa
oqQN mnkjhdj.k fd;k x;kA 1991 esa u;h vkS|ksfxd uhfr viuk;h x;h] tks ,d O;kid cnyko Fkk] ;g fuEu
rjhosQ ls fd;k x;kA

futh bZdkb;ksa dks yxHkx iwjh Lora=krk iznku djuk vkSj mu ij ls fu;a=k.kksa dks gVk nsukA vfèkdrj {ks=kksa esa vkS|ksfxd
ykblsalksa dh O;oLFkk [kRe dj nsuk rFkk èkhjs&èkhjs cps gq;s {ks=kksa dk Hkh Delicensing fd;k tkukA MRTP Act. osQ
vUrxZr fu;a=k.kksa dks [kRe djus dh dksf'k'k] izfrLièkkZ cuk;s j[kuk rFkk ,dkfèkdkj u LFkkfir gks] blosQ fy, dne
mBk;s x;s] ysfdu vU; izdkj osQ fu;a=k.k lekIr fd;s x,A 1991 dh vkS|ksfxd uhfr esa izos'k ckèkk dks [kRe dj
fn;k x;kA Small Scale Industry (SSI) osQ vkj{k.k dks pj.k c¼ rjhosQ ls [kRe djus osQ fy, dne mBk;s x;s gSaA

lkoZtfud bdkb;ksa osQ lUnHkZ esa

lkoZtfud {ks=k (Public Sector) osQ fy, vkj{k.k iz.kkyh dks cgqr lhfer dj nsuk vkSj eq[;r% lkefjd egRo
osQ {ks=kksa rd vkSj ;g ekuk x;k fd lkoZtfud bZdkb;ksa dks Hkh izfrLièkkZ dk lkeuk djuk pkfg,A lkoZtfud
bZdkb;ksa osQ dkedkt esa lqèkkj dh Hkh vko';drk gSA
fons'kh fuos'k osQ izfr Hkkjr dk joS;k izkjaHk ls gh dkiQh udkjkRed FkkA blosQ lS¼kfUrd] jktuhfrd] ,sfrgkfld
dkj.k FksA blesa 80 osQ n'kd esa FkksM+h <hy nh x;h] ysfdu 1991 dh uhfr osQ }kjk Hkkjr us vius joS;s dks iw.kZr%
cny fn;kA dgk x;k fd udkjkRed lwph (Negative list) dks NksM+dj vU; {ks=kksa esa fons'kh fuos'k dh vuqefr
jgsxh vkSj ;g fuos'k lkekU;r% 51» rd gks losQxkA bl izdkj cgqer vkSj fu;a=k.k dk vfèkdkj fons'kh fuos'kdksa
dks fn;k x;k] tc fd blosQ igys fuos'k lhek 40» FkhA pqus gq, ekeyksa esa blls vfèkd vuqefr Hkh nsus dk fu.kZ;
fd;k x;kA vr% vkS|ksfxd uhfr esa fons'kh fuos'k osQ ekeys esa ØkfUrdkjh ifjorZu fd;k x;kA Hkkjr vc fons'kh
fuos'k dks ldkjkRed vkSj ykHknk;d ekuus yxkA blosQ ihNs ,d dkj.k phu esa 80 osQ n'kd eas fons'kh iwath dkiQh
c<+k vkSj vk£Fkd fodkl Hkh gqvkA

1991 osQ i'pkr~ blesa mnkjhdj.k fd;k x;k gSA tSls ykblsal dh vko';drk okys {ks=kksa esa vkSj deh dh x;h gSA
vc osQoy 5 {ks=kksa esa gh ykblsal dh t:jr gS] eq[;r% i;kZojf.kd ;k [krjukd m|ksxksa osQ ekeys esaA fons'kh fuos'k
osQ ekeysa esa Hkh udkjkRed lwph (Negative List) osQ nk;js dks de fd;k x;k gS vkSj cgqr ls {ks=kksa esa fuos'k
lhek dks c<+kdj 51» ls 100» dj fn;k x;k gSA ysfdu oqQN {ks=k fons'kh fuos'k osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls vHkh Hkh fooknkLin
cus gq, gSa] vkSj muesa fo'ks"k lhekvksa ij fu;a=k.k gS] tSlsμchek esa 26»] ijarq vc bls c<+kdj 49» djuk pkgrs gSaA

1991 osQ ckn vk£Fkd lqèkkj èkhjs&èkhjs gq;s gSa] bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd ;g eqík Political Economy ls tqM+k gqvk
gSA gekjs ;gk¡ tulgHkkfxrk ij vkèkkfjr eqíksa ij fookn gksrs gSaA 1991 osQ ckn tks ljdkjs jgh gS os xBcaèku ;k
ckg~; leFkZu ij fuHkZj Fkh] blosQ iQyLo:i vk£Fkd lqèkkjksa dks ykxw djus osQ fy, lgefr cukus dh izfØ;k vDlj
èkheh FkhA blosQ dkj.k vk£Fkd lqèkkjksa ls gksus okys ykHk Hkh ean jgkA ewyr% phu vkSj Hkkjr esa eq[; vUrj ;gh
gS fd ogka tks Hkh ifjorZu gks jgs gSa os O;kid rkSj ij Lohdk;Z gS rFkk lksp le>dj gks jgs gSaA

u;h vk£Fkd uhfr dk fefJr izHkko jgk gS] rkRdkfyd ladV rks gy gks x;k vkSj ladV ls Hkkjr us liQyrk iwoZd
fuiV fy;kA
blosQ dbZ dkj.k FksμoqQN vkarfjd dkj.k tSlsμekulwu dh fLFkfr dk larks"ktud u gksuk] vk£Fkd lqèkkjksa dh

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