Page 21 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

bdkbZ—2% Hkkjr esa ;kstuk dh j.kuhfr

;gka ij y{; ls miyfCèk;ka dkiQh de jgh] ;gka ,sls dkjdksa dk izHkko Hkh Fkk fd O;;ksa ij fu;kstdksa dk uksV
fu;a=k.k ugha FkkA 1962 esa Hkkjr&phu ;q¼] 1965 esa Hkkjr&ikd ;q¼] ekSle dk izfrowQy vlj] blosQ vykok
j.kuhfrd foiQyrk Hkh Fkh] bl dkj.k fuos'k dh ek=kk c<+kus ij cy fn;k x;kA
Hkkjr esa izfrO;fDr vk; de tcfd cpr nj Åaph&bldk dkj.k vk; dk vleku forj.k] lEiUu oxZ osQ
ikl cpr dh dkiQh {kerkA blhfy, fuEu vk; osQ ckotwn cpr nj vis{kkÑr T;knk FkkA nwljh vkSj fuos'k
nj dkiQh gksus osQ ckn Hkh lo`f¼ nj de Fkh] dkj.k&O;kid vk£Fkd fu;a=k.kksa dk yxkrkj tkjh jguk] ftlls
vFkZO;oLFkk dh dk;ZoqQ'kyrk es fxjkoV vk;hA ftlls mRiknu dk Lrj fuph jgh] rduhd dk p;;u Hkh
fuEuLrjh; jgk rFkk vk£Fkd uhfr;ksa osQ dkj.k izfrLièkkZ ij izfrowQy vlj ftlls le`f¼ de jghA ;gh dkj.k
Fkk fd Hkkjr esa Åaps fuos'k osQ ckn Hkh le`f¼ nj dkiQh de jgkA
blh dj.k vk£Fkd uhfr;ksa esa] eq[;r% 80 osQ n'kd ls ;s ifjorZu fd;s x;sμftlls nf{k.k iwoZ ,f'k;k osQ vuqHko
dk izHkko Hkh Hkkjr ij iM+kA ;s ns'k Hkkjr ls dkiQh fiNM+s Fks] 90 osQ n'kd esa ;s Hkkjr ls dkiQh vkxs igaqp x;sA
nf{k.k&iwoZ ,f'k;k osQ ns'kksa esa tks n`f"Vdks.k viuk;k x;k FkkA og cká mUeq[k Fkk tcfd Hkkjr dh uhfr vUrjksUeq[k
FkhA
uhfrxr ifjorZuksa esa&futh {ks=k dks FkksM+h vfèkd yphykiu iznku fd;k x;kA blosQ fy, dbZ rjg osQ dne mBk;s
x;s tSlsμMRTP Act. osQ fu;a=k.kksa esa oqQN NqV nsukA fu;kZrdksa osQ fy, vk;krksa osQ ekeysa esa Hkh NqV nh xbZA lkFk
esa eqnzk fofue; nj osQ izcaèku esa Hkh lqèkkj fd;k x;kA ,sls dneksa ls 80 osQ n'kd esa dkiQh lqèkkj gqvkA 6oha ,oa
7oha ;kstukvksa osQ nkSjku lo`f¼ nj esa dkiQh btkiQk gqvkA ysfdu bl nkSjku oqQN leL;k;sa Hkh iSnk gqbZ tSls ljdkj
osQ foÙkh; ?kkVksa dh fLFkfr cgqr rsth ls c<+h (RD, FD) fu;kZr esa o`f¼ èkheha tc fd vYidkfyd fons'kh okf.kfT;d
Í.kksa ij Hkkjr dh fuHkZjrk dkiQh rsth ls c<+h] ftlls 1990&91 dk ekSfnzd ladV iSnk gqvkA
Hkkjr dk fons'kh eqnzk vkjf{kr dks"k cgqr de gks x;k vkSj fons'kh nkf;Roksa osQ iquHkZqxrku ij iz'ufpUg yx x;kA
bldk rkRdkfyd eq[; dkj.k vUrjkZ"Vªh; rsy ladV Fkk] ;|fi ;g vYidkfyd Fkk] tc nh?kZdkfyd dkj.k igys
ufhr;k¡ FkhA bl nkSjku vFkZO;oLFkk esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; fo'okl [kRe gks x;k vkSj fons'kh izokgksa dh fn'kk mYVh gks x;hA
vkSj Hkkjr dh {kerk 6 fnu osQ vk;kr osQ cjkcj cph FkhA

1990&91 osQ ladV dk eq[; rRo Hkqxrku&larqyu dk ladV FkkA

vUrjkZ"Vªh; Í.kksa osQ fy, okf.kfT;d Ïksrksa ls IMF/WB ls lgk;rk yh x;hA fcuk fxjoh osQ Í.k nsus dh dksbZ rS;kj
ugha FkkA blh ladV ls O;kid vk£Fkd lqèkkjksa dh uhao j[kh x;hA ;gh lqèkkjksa dk rkRdkfyd dkj.k FkkA IMF/WB
dk ncko Fkk] Hkkjr osQ usrkvksa] vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa esa Hkkjr dh vk£Fkd detksjh dh le> iSnk gksuk rFkk oqQN gn rd ;g
lgefr cuuk fd fcuk lqèkkjksa osQ vFkZO;oLFkk dks lqn`<+ ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS vkSj vk£Fkd fodkl dks izkIr ugha
fd;k tk ldrkA vk£Fkd ladV us Hkkjr dks ,d volj fn;k viuh vk£Fkd uhfr;ksa esa lqèkkj djus dkA jko eueksgu
ekWMy ykus dk dkj.k ;gh Fkk] blesa eq[; rRoμfuth bZdkb;ksa dh Hkwfedk ij T;knk fuHkZjrk] vFkZO;oLFkk dks fons'kh
fuos'k vkSj O;kikj osQ fy, [kksyuk] ljdkj dh Hkwfedk esa ifjorZu djuk rFkk fo'ks"krkSj ij ,sls {ks=kkas ij è;ku osQfUnzr
djuk tgk¡ cktkj O;oLFkk lkekU;r% izHkkoh ugha gq;h gksA tSlsμizkFkfed f'k{kk] izkFkfed LokLF; lsok;sa] vkèkkfjd
lajpuk vkfnA cktkj O;oLFkk dks vkèkkj osQ rkSj ij Lohdkj djuk] ;s ekuk x;k fd cktkj O;oLFkk vk£Fkd oqQ'kyrk
vkSj vk£Fkd le`f¼ esa fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk vnk djrh gSA ysfdu ljdkj dks cktkj O;oLFkk dk fofu;eu rFkk izfrLièkkZ
cuk, j[kus osQ fy, mfpr dne mBkuk pkfg,A ;g ekuk x;k fd ljdkj o`gn lkoZtfud foÙk] ljdkjh ?kkVksa ij
fu;a=k.k osQ lanHkZ esa lUrqyu cuk;s j[ks vkSj foÙkh; {ks=k dh dk;Z oqQ'kyrk esa lqèkkj yk;sA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 15