Page 20 - DECO502_INDIAN_ECONOMIC_POLICY_HINDI

Hkkjrh; vkfFkZd uhfr

uksV tks fd ml le; Hkkjr esa ugha FkhA iwathxr oLrqvksa dh miyCèkrk c<+kus osQ fy, fons'kksa ls vk;kr dh laHkkouk
de Fkh] dkj.k fons'kh eqnzk dh deh fu;kZr c<+kus dh Hkh laHkkouk FkhA blh dkj.k ;kstukdkjksa us ?kjsyw {ks=k esa iwathxr
oLrqvksa osQ mRiknu ij cy fn;kA ekuk x;k fd blh {ks=k esa cM+s iSekus ij fuos'k djosQ Hkkjr lo`f¼ nj dks c<+k
ldrk gS rFkk lrr~ fodkl osQ jkLrs ij py ldrk gSA buesa fuos'k osQ fy, dkiQh iwath dh vko';drk rFkk mPp
rduhd dh Hkh vko';drk Fkh] ifj;kstuk,a yach Fkh] bUgha dkj.kksa ls ,sls {ks=kksa esa futh bZdkb;ka fuos'k osQ bPNqd
ugha FkhA og rhoz equkiQk pkgrh gSa] blfy, lkoZtfud bZdkb;ksa dks eq[; Hkwfedk fuHkkuh iM+hA jktuhfrd n`f"Vdks.k
ls Hkh ;gh fu"d"kZ fudykA 1955 esa lektoknh izdkj dk lekt (Socialistic Pattern of Society) dks dkaxzsl
ikVhZ us viuk jk"Vªh; y{; Lohdkj fd;k rFkk ckn esa laln Hkh Lohdkj dhA lkoZtfud {ks=k dh bZdkb;ksa dks blh
ls leFkZu feyk vkSj 1956 dh vkS|ksfxd uhfr blh ij vkèkkfjr gSA ;gh uhfr 1991 rd Hkkjr osQ vk£Fkd fodkl
dk vkèkkj jghA vkS|ksfxd uhfr&1956 esa m|ksxkasa dks nks Jsf.k;ksa esa ckaVk x;k] cps gq, vU; Js.kh esaμ
1- Public Sector dks Exclusive Status fn;k x;kA (d) lkoZtfud bdkb;ksa osQ fy, vkjf{kr]
([k) tks igys ls dk;Zjr Fks futh {ks=k osQ Plant muesa jksd ughaA
2- eq[; Hkwfedk lkoZtfud bZdkb;ksa ijarq vuqiwjd (Complementry) Hkwfedk futh bdkb;ksa dh–Mixed Economy.
3- vU; {ks=kksa esa futh bZdkb;ka izos'k djus osQ fy, Lora=k FkhA
fu;kstu dh j.kuhfr esa fofHkUu {ks=kksa osQ fy, la[;kRed y{;ksa dk fuèkkZj.k Multi Sectoral Planning Model
osQ vkèkkj ij fd;k x;kA ;g usg: egkyuksfol ekWMy ij vkèkkfjr gSA bu y{;ksa dks izkIr djus osQ fy, ljdkj
}kjk&,d rks izR;{k fuos'k] lkoZtfud bdkb;ksa dh LFkkiuk djuk] muosQ fy, èkujkf'k dh O;oLFkk djuk] lkFk
esa fofHkUu izdkj osQ osQUnzh; fu;a=k.k (Central Instruments) dk mi;ksx dh rkfd futh bZdkb;ksa ij fu;a=k.k j[kk
tk losQ vkSj mudks Hkh fu;kstu osQ y{;ksa ls tksM+k tk losQA osQUnzh; mik;ksa esa lcls egRoiw.kZ Industrial
Development Regulation (IDR) Act. osQ vUrxZr vkS|ksfxd ykbls¯lx] blosQ vykok vU; ekè;e] tSls foÙkh;
{ks=k ij fu;a=k.k ftlosQ ekè;e ls iwath dh miyCèkrk dks fu;af=kr fd;k tkrk gSA fons'k O;kikj ij fu;a=k.k ftlosQ
ekè;e ls iwath dh miyCèkrk dks fu;af=kr fd;k tkrk gSA fons'k O;kikj ij fu;a=k.k ogka fd ykbls¯lx uhfr rFkk
lkoZtfud foÙk osQ vkStkjksa osQ ekè;e ls fd;k tkrk gSA

y{;
fu;kstu osQ vkèkkjHkwr y{; ekus x;s rhoz vk£Fkd le`f¼] fo'ks"krkSj ij lkekftd O;; dk y{;&xjhch mUewyu
,oa fofHkUu {ks=kksa osQ chp fo"kerkvksa dks de djuk rFkk vke yksxksa osQ thou Lrj esa lqèkkj ykuk gSA

vkRefuHkZjrk izkIr djuk
(d) udkjkRed igyw ;g gS fd ;g gekjh vkRefuHkZjrk dks de djrk gS]
([k) vkRefuHkZjrk dk ldkjkRed eryc gSμfons'kh fj;k;rh lgk;rk ij fuHkZj u jguk] D;ksafd [kk| lgk;rk
(PL-480) ij Hkkjr dh fuHkZjrk cgqr c<+ x;h FkhA vesfjdk us cqjh rjg 'krsZ yxk;hA blh dk ifj.kke
Fkk gfjr Økafr osQ :i esa vkRe fuHkZjrk izkIr djus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZA
vU; ns'kksa osQ lkFk lEioZQ de ls de djuk] viuh {kerk] 'krks± ij fodkl djus dh dksf'k'k] fons'kh O;kikj
Hkh U;wure djukA blh lanHkZ esa j.kuhfr dk ,d vkSj Hkkx vk;kr izfrLFkkiu (Import Substitution) dh uhfr
FkhA vius ns'k esa t:jh phtksa] e'khujh dk mRiknuA ckn esa bls ,d xaHkhj detksjh ekuk x;k vk£Fkd mnkjhdj.k
es bl n`f"Vdks.k dks iw.kZr% NksM+ fn;k x;kA

2-2-1 j.kuhfr dk ewY;kadu
y{;ksa osQ izkfIr osQ n`f"Vdks.k ls j.kuhfr dkiQh gn rd foiQy jgh tSlsμr`rh; ;kstuk esa 5-6 izfr'kr osQ y{;
osQ LFkku ij 2-7 izfr'kr dh izkfIr gqbZA

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