Page 249 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—23% cgqi{kokn vkSj fo'o O;kikj laxBu

(2) O;kikj lEcfU/r ckSf¼d lEink vf/dkj] uksV
(3) O;kikj ls lEcfU/r fofu;kstu (vFkok fuos'k) mik;]
(4) O;kikj&lsokvksa ls lEcfU/r lkekU; le>kSrk]
(5) >xM+ksa osQ fuiVku ls lEcfU/r fu;eksa ,oa izfØ;kvksa dk le>kSrk]

(6) cgq ik£'od O;kikj le>kSrs]
(7) O;kikj esa rduhdh ck/kvksa dk le>kSrk]
(8) izfrjkf'kikru ij le>kSrk]
(9) O;kikj uhfr iqujkoyksdu ra=kA

bl rjg] o"kZ 1986 esa m#Xos esa izkjEHk gq, cgqvk;keh O;kikj le>kSrs osQ vUrxZr iwoZ dh Hkkafr oLrqvksa osQ O;kikj
osQ vfrfjDr vusd egRoiw.kZ fo"k;ksa_ ;Fkk Ñf"k] ckSf¼d vf/dkj] O;kikj lEcfU/r fuos'k osQ mik; rFkk O;kikj
lsokvksa ls lEcfU/r mik;ksa dks lfEefyr fd;k x;kA m#Xos nkSj dh okrkZ esa fofHkUu jk"Vªksa osQ chp mi;qZDr fo"k;ksa
ij ,d iSosQt n`f"Vdks.k viukus ij lgefr gqbZ] rkfd ,d {ks=k esa nh xbZ lqfo/kvksa dk nwljs {ks=k esa Hkh ykHk izkIr
fd;k tk losQA

1- Ñf"k ls lEcfU/r izLrko ,oa le>kSrsμ Ñf"k dks xSV dh vkBosa nkSj (vFkkZr~ m#Xos nkSj) dh okrkZ esa izFke
ckj lfEefyr fd;k x;kA
Ñf"k dks fo'o O;kikj ls lEc¼ djus osQ egRo dks WTO dh efU=kLrjh; bl ?kks"k.kk esa le>k tk ldrk gS]
¶bl ckr dh izcy vko';drk Fkh fd fo'o Ñf"k O;kikj esa vf/d vuq'kklu vkSj fuf'prrk ykbZ tk;s vkSj
lajpukRed vf/'ks"k lfgr bl {ks=k osQ izfrcU/ksa ,oa foÑfr;ksa dks lq/kjus ,oa jksdus osQ iz;kl fd, tk;sa rkfd
fo'o Ñf"k cktkj vlUrqyu] vfLFkjrk vkSj vfuf'prrk osQ ekgkSy ls mcj lossQA¸
fo'o O;kikj laxBu dk Ñf"k ls lEcfU/r le>kSrk ?kjsyw lfClMh] fu;kZr lfClMh] U;wure cktkj igq¡p dh
opuc¼rk] ?kjsyw lgk;rk] LokLF;] ouLifr rFkk [kk| lgk;d dk;ks± ls lEc¼ gSA ;g le>kSrk (v) xSj&VSfjiQ
mik;ksa osQ LFkku ij lk/kj.k dLVe M~;wVh yxkdj] tks /hjs&/hjs de dh tk,xh ?kjsyw cktkj dks vUrjkZ"Vªh;
izfr;ksfxrk osQ fy, [kksyrk gS (c) ;g ljdkjh lgk;rk dks /hjs&/hjs de djosQ vfr mRiknu dks /hjs&/hjs fu;af=kr
djus dk iz;kl djrk gS vkSj ifj.kkeLo:i vfrjsdksa dks Hkh] tks ;k rks fu;kZr lfClMh osQ }kjk csps vFkok u"V
fd, tkrs gSaA (l) ;g fu;kZr izfrLi/kZ ij ubZ fu;ekofy;ksa dks ykxw djus vkSj lfClMh rFkk lfClMh izkIr fu;kZr
dh ek=kk dks de djus osQ iz;Ruksa dks Hkh izsfjr djrk gSA
(d) Ñf"k vuqnku dh lekfIrμlfU/ esa Ñf"k osQ {ks=k esa izFke lq>ko Ñf"k esa fn, tkus okys vuqnkuksa
(Subsidies) dh lekfIr dk gSA vuqnku osQ dkj.k Ñf"k mRiknksa dh dhersa ml ns'k esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; dherksa ls de
gksrh gSaA ,slh /kj.kk gS fd blosQ dkj.k fodflr ns'kksa osQ Ñf"k mRiknksa osQ foi.ku esa] dherksa esa vf/drk osQ dkj.k
ck/k igq¡prh gSA
Ñf"k esa fn, tkus okys ?kjsyw vuqnku vFkok lfClMh;k¡ nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSaμ
(i) mRiknu osQ miknkuksa ls lEcfU/r vuqnkuμbl Js.kh osQ vuqnku esa mRiknu esa iz;qDr gksus okys fofHkUu
miknuksa ;Fkk % moZjdksa] ¯lpkbZ] cht] Ñf"k ½.k vkfn ij fn, x, vuqnku 'kkfey fd, tkrs gSaA Mady
izLrko osQ vuqlkj fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa bl rjg dh nh tkus okyh jkf'k o"kZ 1986 ls 1988 osQ vk/kj o"kks±
esa oqQN mRikn ewY; osQ 10 izfr'kr ls vf/d ugha gksuh pkfg,A WTO izLrko osQ vuqlkj bl rjg dh
vuqnku jkf'k izfr'kr vkdyu djus esa xjhc Ñ"kdksa ,oa lk/u jfgr Ñ"kdksa dks nh tkus okyh vuqnku
jkf'k lfEefyr ugha dh tkrh gSA
(ii) fof'k"V mRikn osQ mRiknu ls lEcfU/r vuqnkuμÑf"k osQ {ks=k esa ,d vU; izdkj dh vuqnku jkf'k oqQN

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 243