Page 251 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—23% cgqi{kokn vkSj fo'o O;kikj laxBu

isVsUVèkkjh O;fDr@laLFkk ls vuqKk ysuh gksxh o mls fu/kZfjr jkW;YVh jkf'k dk Hkqxrku djuk gksxkA bl mRikn osQ uksV
mRiknu osQ fy, isVsUV/kjh ls izkS|ksfxdh u ysdj Lo;a osQ }kjk fd, x, vuqlU/ku ,oa 'kr&izfr'kr Loiz;klksa ls
mRiknu rduhd fodflr dj ysus ij Hkh 20 o"kZ rd isVsUV/kjh dh vuqKk osQ fcuk mRiknu djus dk vfèkdkj
ugha jgsxkA ml mRikn ij Hkkoh 'kks/ o mlosQ ifjo/Zu] lq/kj djus dk vf/dkj Hkh isVsUV/kjh O;fDr@laLFkk dks
gh gksxkA

TRIPs le>kSrs osQ vUrxZr 7 izdkj dh ckSf¼d lEifÙk vkrh gSμ(1) dkWihjkbV rFkk rRlEcUèkh
vfèkdkj] (2) VªsUMekoZQ] (3) HkkSxksfyd laosQr] (4) vkS|ksfxd fMtkbu] (5) isVsUV ftuesa lfEefyr
gSa lw{e thok.kq vkSj ikS/ksa dh fofHkUu tkfr;k¡] (6) la?kfVr l£dV rFkk (7) O;kikfjd jgL;A

3- O;kikj ls lEcfU/r fofu;kstu mik; (Trade Ralated Investment Measures, TRIMs): fo'o O;kikj
laxBu lfU/ dh rhljh egRoiw.kZ ckr O;kikj ls lEcfU/r fofu;kstu mik;ksa dh gSA blosQ vuqlkj dksbZ jk"Vª fons'kh
iw¡th fofu;ksx dk fu;eu ,oa fu;U=k.k ugha dj losQxkA fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ fy, fofue; nj esa fxjkoV jksdus]
fons'kh iw¡th ls v£tr ykHk osQ iqu£ofu;kstu dks lqfuf'pr djus] fu;kZr o`f¼ djus vkSj ns'k osQ y?kq ,oa jkstxkj
iz/ku m|ksxksa dks laj{k.k iznku djus ossQ fy, fons'kh iw¡th dk fu;eu djuk vko';d le>k tkrk gSA
;g le>kSrk Lohdkj djrk gS fd oqQN fuos'k mik;] O;kikj esa #dkoV Mkyrs gSa vkSj mls foÑr dj nsrs gSaA vr%
WTO ;g vis{kk j[krk gS fd fodflr ns'k 2 o"kZ esa] fodkl'khy ns'k 5 o"kZ esa vkSj fodflr ns'k 7 o"kZ esa lc
xSj&vuq:i TRIMs dks vfuok;Z :i ls lwfpr djsaxs rFkk mls gVk nssaxsA WTO us TRIMs ij ,d lfefr dk xBu
fd;k gS tks bu opuc¼rkvksa osQ ikyu dks ekuhVj djsxh vkSj bldh fjiksVZ oLrqvksa esa O;kikj osQ dkmfUly dks
izfro"kZ nsxhA
4- O;kikj&lsokvksa ls lEcfU/r lkekU; le>kSrk (General Agreement on Trade in Services, GATS):
fo'o O;kikj laxBu lfU/ osQ pkSFks le>kSrs osQ vUrxZr lHkh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj&;ksX; lsok,¡ vkrh gSaA fons'kh lsok,¡
vkSj lsok iznkrk] ?kjsyw lsokvksa vkSj lsok&iznkrkvksa osQ cjkcj le>s tk,¡xs rFkkfi ljdkjsa fof'k"V ije&fe=k jk"Vª (MFN)
dh NwV dh lwpuk nsaxh] ftldk 5 o"kZ i'pkr~ iqujkoyksdu fd;k tk,xkA bldh lhek lkekU;r% 10 o"kZ dh gksxhA
;g ikjn£'krk ij cy nsrk gS] ftlesa lsokvksa osQ O;kikj lEcU/h fu;euksa dk izdk'ku lfEefyr gSA lsokvksa osQ O;kikj
lEcU/h vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkqxrku vkSj gLrkUrj.k esa #dkoV ugha Mkyh tk,xh] flok; Hkqxrku 'ks"k dh dfBukb;ksa osQ tgk¡
,slh #dkoVsa vLFkk;h] lhfer vkSj oqQN 'krks± osQ v/hu gksaxhA lsokvksa esa O;kikj dk mnkjhdj.k mÙkjksÙkj gksxkA lsokvksa
osQ O;kikj esa izfrowQy izHkkoksa dh dVkSrh vFkok furkUr lekfIr rFkk ljdkjksa }kjk fof'k"V opuc¼rkvksa osQ
lkekU;&Lrj dks Å¡pk djuk] ;s lc izfr 5 o"kZ osQ vUrjky esa okrkZvksa osQ }kjk fd;k tk,xkA
bl le>kSrs esa fof'k"V {ks=kksa ls lEcfU/r fo'ks"k 'krs± Hkh nh xbZ gSaA tgk¡ rd ewy fuokfl;ksa osQ vkokxeu dk lEcU/ gS]
blosQ vuqlkj ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa dks NwV gS fd viuh lsok,¡ nsus osQ fy, mudh vLFkk;h fuokl lEcU/h fo'ks"k opuc¼rkvksa
osQ fy, ijLij ckrphr djsaA ;g mu yksxksa ij ykxw ugha tks LFkk;h fuokl vFkok jkstxkj osQ bPNqd gksaA

foÙkh; lsokvksa osQ lEcU/ esa ;g ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa dks vf/dkj nsrk gS fd fuos'kdksa] tekdrkZvksa vkSj
ikWfylh&èkkjdksa osQ fy, mfpr mik; djsa rFkk vk£Fkd iz.kkyh dh v[k.Mrk vkSj fLFkjrk dks lqfuf'pr djsaA
nwjlapkj osQ {ks=k esa ;g ns'kksa dks funsZ'k nsrk gS fd os nwjlapkj ogu rU=kksa dk LFkkiu] fuekZ.k] vf/xzg.k] iV~Vs ij
nsuk] lapkyu ;k iw£r lqfuf'pr djsa vkSj turk dks miyC/ djk,aA fodkl'khy ns'k vius ?kjsyw nwjlapkj <kaps vkSj
lsokvksa dh vkSj lsok&lhekvksa dh iq"Vrk rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; nwjlapkj la?k vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; ekudhdj.k laxBu osQ lg;ksx
ls nwjlapkj lsokvksa osQ vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa lg;ksx dh o`f¼ osQ fy, mik; djsaA GATS foekuksa dh ejEer vkSj
j[k&j[kko lsokvksa] ok;q ;krk;kr lsokvksa osQ foi.ku rFkk dEI;wVj vkj{k.k lsokvksa ij Hkh ykxw gksrk gSA

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