Page 250 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV fof'k"V iQlyksa osQ mRiknu osQ fy, nh tkrh gSA W.T.O. izLrkoksa osQ vuqlkj bl izdkj dh vuqnku jkf'k
Hkh fdlh fo'ks"k mRikn osQ oqQy mRikn ewY; osQ nl izfr'kr ls vf/d ugha gksuh pkfg,A oqQy mRikn ewY;
vkèkkj o"kZ dh vUrjkZ"Vªh; cktkj dher osQ vk/kj ij Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA
le>kSrs esa ;g r; fd;k x;k fd fodkl'khy ns'k vius mRikn ewY; osQ 10 izfr'kr rd vk£Fkd vuqnku miyC/
djk ldrs gSa] tcfd fodflr ns'kksa osQ fy, ;g lhek 5 izfr'kr osQ fuEu Lrj rd gSA ;fn fdlh ns'k osQ vuqnku
bl fu/kZfjr lhek ls Å¡ps gSa rc mUgsa N% o"kks± osQ vUnj 20 izfr'kr de djuk gksxkA
([k) fu;kZr lfClfM;k¡μW.T.O. osQ lnL;ksa osQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd os 6 o"kZ osQ dk;Zdky esa izR;{k fu;kZr
lfClfM;ksa osQ ewY; dks de djosQ 1986&90 dh vk/kj vof/ Lrj osQ uhps 36» ij ys tk,¡ vkSj lfClMh izkIr
fu;kZr dh ek=kk dks mlh vof/ osQ 21» osQ Lrj ijA fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ fy, ;g dVkSfr;ka 10 o"kZ osQ fy, dk;Zdky
esa fodflr ns'kksa dh dVkSfr;ksa dk 2@3 gksaxhA U;wure fodflr ns'kksa osQ fy, deh ugha dh tk,xhA
(x) U;wure cktkj&igq¡p opuc¼rkμU;wure cktkj&igq¡p opuc¼rk mUgha ns'kksa ij ykxw gS tks Ñf"k lEcUèkh
vk;kr esa VSfjiQ fHkUu #dkoVksa dk iz;ksx djrs gSa vkSj rn~uq:i gh bu #dkoVksa dks VSfjiQ dk :i nsus rFkk bu
VSfjiQksa dks 6 o"kZ osQ dky esa 36» de djus dks ckè; gSaA bu ns'kksa osQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd 6 o"kZ osQ fy,
fons'kh Ñf"k mRiknksa dh [kir dh U;wure 3» cktkj izos'k lqfo/k fons'kh Ñf"k mRiknksa dks nsa tks 6 o"kZ osQ ckn
c<+dj 5» gks tk,axhA fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa Ñf"k mRiknksa dk VSfjiQ 10 o"kZ osQ dky esa 24» de fd;k tk,xkA U;wure
fodflr ns'kksa esa VSfjiQ esa dksbZ deh ugha fd tk,xhA
(?k) ?kjsyw lg;ksxμmu ?kjsyw lg;ksx vFkok leFkZu (Domestic support) osQ mik;ksa esa] ftuosQ }kjk O;kikj
ij U;wure izHkko iM+rk gS] ftUgsa xzhu ckWDl (Green Box) uhfr;k¡ dgrs gSa] ;g dVkSrh ykxw ugha gksrhA bu
uhfr;ksa esa lkekU; ljdkjh lsok,¡ lfEefyr gSa] tSlsμvuqlU/ku] jksx&fu;U=k.k] vk/kj lajpuk vkSj [kk| lqj{kk
osQ {ks=kA buesa os Hkqxrku Hkh lfEefyr gSa tks Ñ"kdksa dks izR;{k :i esa fn, tkrs gSa rkfd os mRiknu dks izksRlkfgr
dj losaQ] tSlsμÑ"kdksa dks Ñf"k osQ iquxZBu osQ fy, vk; lgk;rk rFkk i;kZoj.k ,oa fu;fer lgk;rk dk;ZØeksa
osQ v/hu izR;{k HkqxrkuA ;g ifjHkk"kk cgqr foLr`r gS vkSj blesa lHkh izdkj dh ljdkjh lfClMh;k¡ lfEefyr
dh tk ldrh gSaA
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(M ) LokLF; ,oa i'kq/u LokLF; osQ mik;μLokLF; ,oa i'kq/u LokLF; mik;ksa osQ vUrxZr [kk| lqj{kk rFkk
i'kq vkSj ouLifr LokLF; osQ mik; lfEefyr gSaA le>kSrs dh /kj.kk gS fd fofHkUu ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa dks iw.kkZfèkdkj
gS fd euq";] i'kq vkSj ouLifr osQ thou vkSj LokLF; dh j{kk osQ fy, mfpr mik; djsa] ijUrq ;g Hkh vko';d
gS fd os euekus <ax ls vFkok vuqfpr :i ls vU; lnL;ksa osQ chp] tgk¡ fLFkfr le:i vFkok ,d tSlh gks]
HksnHkko u djsaA le>kSrk ;g Hkh lqfuf'pr djus dk iz;Ru djrk gS fd i'kq vkSj ouLifr LokLF; osQ mik; O;kikj
esa vuqfpr ck/k u MkysaA le>kSrk euq"; vkSj i'kq LokLF; dh lqj{kk osQ mfpr Lrjksa osQ fuèkkZj.k vkSj tksf[keksa osQ
ewY;kadu dh izfØ;kvksa vkSj ekin.Mkas dk o.kZu djrk gSA
(p) [kk| Hk.Mkj.k vkSj [kk| lgk;rkμle>kSrs esa ekU; gS fd vUrfjr dky esa U;wure fodflr vkSj [kk|
vk;krh fodkl'khy ns'k [kk| vk;kr esa Í.kkRed izHkkoksa dk vuqHko dj ldrs gSa] vr% blus Ñf"k fodkl osQ
fy, [kk| lgk;rk vkSj ewy [kk|kUuksa esa iw.kZ vuqnku vkSj lgk;rk osQ y{; j[ks gSaA ;g IMF rFkk fo'o cSad }kjk
okf.kfT;d [kk| vk;kr osQ fy, vYifodflr foÙkh; lgk;rk dh lEHkkouk dks ekurk gSA Ñf"k le>kSrs osQ izkoèkkuksa
osQ dk;kZUo;u osQ iqujkoyksdu gsrq ,oa Ñf"k lfefr dk xBu fd;k x;k gSA
2- O;kikj lEcU/h ckSf¼d lEink vf/dkj (Trade Related Intellectual Property Rights, TRIPs):
WTO dk nwljk egRoiw.kZ le>kSrk ckSf¼d lEink osQ vf/dkjksa osQ laj{k.k ls lEcfU/r gSA blosQ vuqlkj fdlh
Hkh u, vkfo"dkj osQ iathÑr isVsUV ij 20 o"kks± osQ fy, lEiw.kZ fo'o osQ fo#¼ ,dkf/dkj izkIr gks tk,xkA bl
vof/ esa fo'o esa dgha Hkh fdlh vU; O;fDr@laLFkk dks ml isVsUV ls jf{kr mRikn dk mRiknu djus osQ fy,

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