Page 252 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV 5- fookn fuiVku iz.kkyhμ WTO osQ LFkkiuk le>kSrs osQ izko/kuksa osQ vUrxZr lnL; ns'kksa osQ ,dkf/dkj ,oa
drZO; ls lEcfU/r fo"k; ij fopkj&foe'kZ vkSj fookn osQ fuiVku dk izko/ku fookn&fuiVku (Dispute
Settlement) fu;eksa vkSj iz.kkfy;ksa osQ le>kSrs esa fd;k x;k gSA blosQ fy, ,d fookn fu/kZj.k fuiVku laLFkk
(Dispute Settlement Body-DSB) dh LFkkiuk dh xbZ gSA fookn osQ izFke pj.k esa lEcfU/r lnL;ksa osQ chp
fopkj&foe'kZ dk izkoèkku gSA okrkZ vliQy gksus dh n'kk esa WTO dk MkbjsDVj tujy eè;LFkrk vkSj lekèkku
osQ fy, viuh lsok,¡ v£ir djrk gSA f'kdk;rh lnL; DSB ls 30 fnu osQ vUnj 3 fo'ks"kKksa osQ uke dh lwph
osQ fy, vuqjksèk dj ldrk gsa ;g Hkh izko/ku gS fd DSB }kjk euksuhfr ,d lkr lnL;h; vihy lfefr mldk
iqujkoyksdu djosQ DSB dks 60 ls 90 fnu osQ vUnj viuh fjiksVZ izLrqr djsxhA DSB bl fjiksVZ dks 30 fnu osQ
Hkhrj vuqeksfnr djsxh vkSj bls fcuk 'krZ nksuksa ns'kksa dks ekuuk gksxkA
6- cgqikf'oZd O;kikj le>kSrsμ cgqikf'oZd O;kikj le>kSrs (Plurilateral Trade Agreements-PTA) esa
'kkfey gSaμukxfjd foekuu O;kikj le>kSrk] ljdkjh [kjhn dk le>kSrk] vUrjkZ"Vªh; nqX/ksRiknu le>kSrk rFkk
vUrjkZ"Vªh; xksekal le>kSrkA blesa igyk le>kSrk tsusok esa vizSy] 1979 esa gqvk tks ckn esa la'kksf/r] ifjo£¼r
,oa ifjek£tr fd;k x;kA vfUre rhu le>kSrs ekjkosQ'k esa 15 vizSy] 1994 esa gq, FksA

cgqik£'od O;kikj le>kSrs (Plurilateral Trade Agreements-PTA) ls vki D;k le>rs gSa\

7- O;kikj esa rduhdh ck/kvksa dk le>kSrkμ O;kikj esa rduhdh ck/kvksa dk le>kSrk (Agreement on
Technical Barriers to Trade) Vksfd;ks nkSj esa LohÑr O;kikj esa rduhdh ck/kvksa osQ le>kSrs dk foLrkj.k vkSj
Li"Vhdj.k gSA bl le>kSrs esa ;g lqfuf'pr fd;k x;k gS fd rduhdh foe'kZ vkSj ekud] ijh{k.k vkSj izek.ku
iz.kkfy;k¡ O;kikj osQ ekxZ esa vuko';d #dkoV u cusa] fiQj Hkh ;g le>kSrk Lohdkj djrk gS fd ns'kksa dks ekuoh;]
i'kq vFkok ouLifr LokLF; rFkk i;kZoj.k dh j{kk dk vf/dkj gSA le>kSrs esa ekuohdj.k laLFkkvksa }kjk ekudksa
dh lajpuk] LohÑfr vkSj mi;ksx dh lafgrk (Code) lfEefyr gSSA
8- izfr&jkf'kikru ij le>kSrkμ xSV osQ vuqPNsn VI osQ vuqlkj] ;fn jkf'kikru vk;kr] vk;krdrkZ ns'k osQ
?kjsyw fgrksa dks gkfu igq¡pkrk gS rks vuqcfUèkr lnL; dks ;g vf/dkj gS fd og jkf'kikru fojks/h mik;ksaa (Anti
Dumping Measures) dks viuk,A la'kksf/r le>kSrk Vksfd;ks nkSj osQ le>kSrs dk ifjo£/r :i gSA ;g jkf'kikfrr
vk;kr ls ?kjsyw m|ksxksa dh {kfr dk ewY;kadu] jkf'kikru fojks/h Nkuchu izkjEHk djus vkSj dk;Z:i nsus] ?kjsyw
vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk dh xbZ jkf'kikru osQ >xM+s fuiVku dh dk;Zokgh djus dh izfØ;k esa vf/d Li"Vrk] vf/d foLr`r
fu;e vkSj ekin.M fu/kZfjr djrk gSA u, fu;eksa osQ vUrxZr jkf'kikru fojks/h Nkuchu rqjUr cUn dj nh tk,xh
;fn ^M¯Eix dh lhek* fu;kZr dher osQ 2» ls de gS] ;k fdlh fo'ks"k ns'k esa MEi fd, x;s vk;kr ek=kk ml
mRikn osQ oqQy vk;kr ls 3» de gS c'krsZ fd ;g ,sls oqQy MEi fd, vk;kr dh 7» dh lhek osQ vUrxZr gksA
9- O;kikj&uhfr iqujkoyksdu rU=kμ O;kikj&uhfr iqujkoyksdu rU=k (Trade Policy Review Mechanism-
TPRM) cgqi{kh; O;kikj rU=k osQ lqpk# :i ls pyus osQ fy, cgqi{kh; O;kikj le>kSrksa osQ vUrxZr O;kikj uhfr;ksa
vkSj izfØ;kvksa dk iqujkoyksdu djrk gS] bl mís'; osQ fy, ;g O;kikj&uhfr iqujkoyksdu laLFkk (Trade Policy
Review Body-TPRB) dh LFkkiuk dk laosQr djrk gSA iw.kZ ikjn£'krk izkIr djus osQ fy, izR;sd lnL; TPRM

dks fujUrj vius }kjk tkjh O;kikj uhfr;ksa vkSj izfØ;kvksa dks fjiksVZ nsrk jgsxkA TPRB cgqi{kh; O;kikj rU=k ij
izHkkoiw.kZ vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ okrkoj.k esa orZeku izo`fÙk;ksa dk ok£"kd vfr&fujh{k.k djsxkA
MkbjsDVj tujy }kjk le£ir ok£"kd fjiksVZ bl vfr&fujh{k.k esa lgk;d gksxh] tks WTO osQ eq[; dk;ks± dh O;k[;k
djsxh vkSj cgqi{kh; O;kikj rU=k ij izHkko Mkyus okys uhfrxr fo"k;ksa ij fo'ks"k izdk'k MkysxhA

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