Page 336 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV

;fn fdlh ns'k osQ vk;krksa dk ewY; de vkSj fu;kZrksa dk vfèkd gksrk gS rks ,slk vUrj vuqowQy
O;kikj&lUrqyu (Favourable Balance of Trade) dgykrk gS] ysfdu tc vk;krksa dk ewY; vfèkd
vkSj fu;kZrksa dk de gksrk gS rks ,slk vUrj izfrowQy O;kikj&lUrqyu (Unfavourable Balance of
Trade) dgykrk gSA

Hkqxrku lUrqyu leL;k osQ lek/ku gsrq ljdkj }kjk mBk;s x;s dne (Steps taken by the
government to solve the problem of balance of payment)

uCcs osQ n'kd esa Hkkjr ljdkj us Hkqxrku lUrqyu dh leL;k osQ lek/ku osQ fy, vusd fof'k"V mik; viuk,
gSaμ
1- mnkjhÑr fofue; nj izcU/ iz.kkyh (Liberalised Exchange Rate Management System–
LERMS)μo"kZ 1992&93 osQ ctV izLrko esa ljdkj us mnkjhÑr fofue; nj izcU/ iz.kkyh (LERMS)
dh ?kks"k.kk dh ftlosQ eq[; igyw Fksμ(i) fu;kZr ,oa vkod izs"k.k (Inward Remittances) ls izkIr fons'kh
eqnzk dk 40% Hkkx RBI }kjk ?kksf"kr ljdkjh nj ij rFkk 'ks"k 60% Hkkx [kqys cktkj esa fu/kZfjr fofue;
nj ij ifjorZu djus dh NwV ns nh xbZA (ii) iwath [kkrs ij fofue; fu;U=k.k ;Fkkor~ tkjh j[kk x;kA (iii)
Mkyj vkSj ikS.M dk vfxze foØ; lekIr dj fn;k x;k rFkk RBI dks eqDr cktkj esa gLr{ksi dk vf/
dkj fn;k x;kA (iv) fu;kZrdksa ,oa vkod izs"k.k izkIrdrkZvksa dks oqQy izkfIr dk 15% fons'kh djsalh [kkrs
esa j[kus dh vuqefr nh xbZA (v) fu;kZr izlaLdj.k {ks=k] 'kr&izfr'kr fu;kZrksUeq[kh bdkb;k¡] bysDVªkWfudh
lkWÝVos;j ,oa gkMZos;j izkS|ksfxdh ikdks± dh bdkb;ksa dks cktkj nj ij 'kr&izfr'kr ifjorZuh;rk dh
vuqefr nh xbZA

2- #i;s dh iw.kZ ifjorZuh;rk (Full Convertibility of Rupee)μLERMS dh liQyrk ls mRlkfgr
gksdj Hkkjr ljdkj us 1993&94 osQ ctV izLrkoksa esa ,dy fofue; nj ykxw dj nh vkSj pkyw [kkrs ij
#i;s dks iw.kZ ifjorZuh; cuk fn;kA eqnzk dh ifjorZuh;rk dk vFkZ ,slh O;oLFkk ls yxk;k
tkrk gS ftlesa ns'k dh eqnzk eqDr :i ls izeq[k fons'kh eqnzkvksa esa rFkk izeq[k fons'kh eqnzk,¡ eqDr :i ls
LFkkuh; eqnzk esa ifjorZu'khy gksrh gSaA #i;s dks iw.kZ ifjorZuh; cukdj Hkkjr ljdkj us pkyw [kkrs esa lEiw.kZ
fons'kh eqnzk izkfIr;ksa dks cktkj nj ij #i;s esa ifjo£rr djus dh lqfo/k iznku dj nhA RBI us 19 vxLr]
1994 dks #i;s dks pkyw [kkrs esa iw.kZ ifjorZuh; ?kksf"kr djrs gq, o"kZ 1996&97 ls lEiw.kZ v£tr vk;
dk izR;korZu dh NwV iznku djus dh ?kks"k.kk dhA
3- vk;kr ykblsal iz.kkyh dk mnkjhdj.k (Liberalisation of Import Licensing)μljdkj us uCcs osQ
n'kd esa viukbZ xbZ mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr osQ vUrxZr vk;kr ykblsal O;oLFkk dks vkSj mnkj cuk fn;k
vkSj [kqys lkekU; ykblsal (OGL) osQ vUrxZr vf/dka'k oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr osQ fy, NwV iznku dj nhA
4- vfxze ykblsa¯lx esa lq/kj (Improvements in Advanced Licensing)μHkqxrku lUrqyu dh izfrowQyrk
dks nwj djus osQ fy, ewY; vk/kfjr ,d vfxze ykblsa¯lx iz.kkyh ykxw dh xbZ ftlesa fu£n"V fu;kZrksa osQ
ewY; osQ ,d fuf'pr izfr'kr rd dPps eky rFkk la?kVdksa osQ dj eqDr vk;kr dh vuqefr iznku djus
dk izko/ku fd;k x;k gSA vfxze ykblsa¯lx iz.kkyh dh ;g lqfo/k fu;kZr x`gksa] O;kikfjd x`gksa] LVkj Vªs¯Mx
x`gksa rFkk lqij LVkj Vªs¯Mx x`gksa dks Hkh iznku dh xbZ gSA

5- fu;kZrksUeq[k bdkb;ksa dks lqfo/k (Facilities to Export oriented units)μljdkj us fu;kZrksUeq[k
bdkb;ksa dh mRiknu {kerk c<+kus osQ fy, o"kZ 1981 ls 'kr&izfr'kr fu;kZr djus okyh bdkb;ksa osQ fy,

330 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY