Page 332 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV (2) izks- ØkWls (Krause) osQ 'kCnksa esa] ^^fdlh ns'k dk Hkqxrku&lUrqyu muosQ fuokfl;ksa rFkk 'ks"k fo'o
osQ fuokfl;ksa osQ chp nh gqbZ lkèkkj.k :i ls ,d o"kZ dh vofèk esa iw.kZ fd;s x;s leLr vkfFkZd
ysu&nsu dk ,d O;ofLFkr fooj.k ;k ys[kk gSA**
(3) izks- gScjyj (Heberler) osQ vuqlkj] ^^Hkqxrku&lUrqyu ls vFkZ fdlh nh gqbZ vofèk esa fons'kh eqnzk dh
[kjhnh o csph x;h ek=kk ls gSA**
mi;qZDr ifjHkk"kkvksa ls ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd Hkqxrku&lUrqyu ls vFkZ ,d ns'k osQ fuokfl;ksa dk vU; ns'k
osQ fuokfl;ksa ls gq, ml ekSfnzd ysu&nsu ls gS tks fd ,d fuf'pr vofèk esa gq, gSaA
Hkqxrku&lUrqyu ,oa O;kikj&lUrqyu esa vUrj (Difference Between Balance of Payment
& Balance of Trade)

Hkqxrku&lUrqyu o O;kikj&lUrqyu esa fuEu vUrj ik;k tkrk gS %

(1) Hkqxrku&lUrqyu o O;kikj&lUrqyu esa vUrj gSA O;kikj&lUrqyu esa vk;kr&fu;kZr dk fooj.k jgrk gS]
tcfd Hkqxrku&lUrqyu esa vk;kr&fu;kZr osQ fooj.k osQ lkFk&lkFk lsokvksa] iw¡th o Lo.kZ] vkfn osQ vk;kr
o fu;kZr dks Hkh 'kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA vk;kr&fu;kZr n`'; (Visible) o vn`'; (Invisible) nks izdkj
dk gksrk gSA n`'; esa osQoy eky o oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr&fu;kZr dks j[kk tkrk gS] tcfd vn`'; esa mu lsokvksa]
Lo.kZ] iwath] vkfn dk vk;kr&fu;kZr j[kk tkrk gS ftldk ;|fi Hkqxrku rks gksrk gS] ysfdu mldk dksbZ
ys[kk cUnjxkgksa ij ugha gksrk gSA bl izdkj O;kikj&lUrqyu esa n`'; enksa dks j[kk tkrk gS] tcfd
Hkqxrku&lUrqyu esa n`'; o vn`'; nksuksa dksA
(2) O;kikj&lUrqyu dh rqyuk esa Hkqxrku&lUrqyu 'kCn vfèkd O;kid gSA O;kikj&lUrqyu Hkqxrku&lUrqyu
dk ,d vax gSA

(3) fdlh ns'k dk O;kikj&lUrqyu i{k esa u gksuk dksbZ vfèkd fpark dk fo"k; ugha gS] ysfdu ;fn
Hkqxrku&lUrqyu ns'k osQ i{k esa ugha gS rks ;g fpUrk dk fo"k; gS] D;ksafd blosQ ifj.kke nzqrxkeh gksrs gSaA
(4) lkekU;r;k O;kikj&lUrqyu vuqowQy ;k izfrowQy gks ldrk gS] ysfdu Hkqxrku&lUrqyu lnk gh lUrqfyr
jgrk gSA

O;kikj&lUrqyu esa n`'; enksa dks j[kk tkrk gS] tcfd Hkqxrku&lUrqyu esa n`'; o vn`';
nksuksa dksA

Hkqxrku&lUrqyu dh ensa (Items of Balance of Payment)
Hkqxrku&lUrqyu ,d izdkj dk fooj.k ;k [kkrk gS ftlosQ nks Hkkx gksrs gSaA ,d Hkkx esa fu;kZr ls izkIr vk; o
vU; izkIr vk; fy[kh tkrh gS] tcfd nwljs Hkkx esa vk;kr osQ Hkqxrku rFkk vU; lsokvksa] vkfn osQ vk;kr osQ Hkqxrku
dks fy[kk tkrk gSA bl izkfIr;ksa o Hkqxrkuksa dks nks Hkkxksa esa ck¡Vk tkrk gSμ
(1) pkyw [kkrk (Current Account) o (2) iwathxr [kkrk (Capital Account)A

(1) pkyw [kkrs esa] (i) O;kikj&lUrqyu (Trade Balance); (ii) vn`'; ensa (Invisible) tSls lsokvksa dk
vk;kr&fu;kZr] fons'kh ;k=kk] ifjogu] chek o fofu;ksxksa] vkfn ls vk; o (iii) xSj&ekSfnzd Lo.kZ dh
xfr'khyrk (Non-monetary Gold Movement) 'kkfey dh tkrh gSA

326 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY