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vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk




                    uksV            •   Hkkjr ljdkj us 31 vxLr] 2004 dks o"kZ 2002&07 dh fons'kh O;kikj uhfr osQ LFkku ij o"kZ 2004&09
                                        osQ fy, uohu fons'k O;kikj uhfr ?kksf"kr dh gSA
                                    •   fu;kZr dks c<+kus osQ fy, Ñf"k {ks=k osQ fy, ,d fo'ks"k Ñf"k mit ;kstuk cukbZ xbZ gSA iQy&lCth] iwQy]

                                        y?kq ou mRiknksa o buosQ ewY; lEof¼Zr mRiknksa osQ fu;kZr osQ fy, fo'ks"k Ñf"k mit ;kstuk dk izkoèkku
                                        fd;k x;k gSA blesa fu;kZr lEo¼Zu osQ fy, iwathxr oLrq osQ vk;kr esa NwV dh bZihlhth ;kstuk osQ rgr
                                        e'khuksa osQ 'kqYd eqDr vk;kr dh lqfo/k nh xbZ gSA Ñf"k fu;kZr {ks=k dh bdkb;ksa osQ fy, bZihlhth ;kstuk
                                        osQ vk;kfrr e'khuksa dks dgha Hkh yxkus dh NwV nh xbZ gSA
                                    •   ljdkj }kjk gLrf'kYi bdkb;ksa osQ fy, fd, x, iz;klksa esa ,d fo'ks"k vkfFkZd {ks=k dh LFkkiuk dk

                                        izLrko gSA
                                    •   fu;kZfrr lkeku vkSj lsokvksa dks lsok dj ls eqDr djus dh ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ gSA blesa ?kjsyw 'kqYd {ks=k MhVh,
                                        ls fu;kZr gksus okys lkeku vkSj lsokvksa dks Hkh NwV feysxhA blosQ vykok fu;kZr dkjksckj dk vPNk fjdkMZ
                                        j[kus okys fu;kZrdksa ftuesa de ls de 5 djksM+ #i, dk fu;kZr djus okys fu;kZrd 'kkfey gksaxs dks cSad
                                        xkjUVh dh vfuok;Zrk ls Hkh NwV nh tk,xh rkfd muosQ dkjksckj ykxr esa deh vk,A ,sls fu;kZrdksa dks
                                        cSad xkjUVh dh NwV lHkh fu;kZr izksRlkgu ;kstukvksa osQ rgr miyC/ gksxhA

                                  29-3 'kCndks'k (Keywords)

                                        • • • • • lfClMhμljdkj }kjk fdlh Hkh lsok ij nh tkus okyh NwVA

                                        • • • • • fu;kZrμO;kikj osQ fy, nwljs ns'k dks csph tkus okyh oLrqA
                                        • • • • • vk;krμfons'k ls e¡xkbZ tkus okyh oLrqA

                                  29-4 vH;kl&iz'u (Review Questions)

                                    1-  fofHkUu iapo"khZ; ;kstukvksa esa ljdkj }kjk viuk;h x;h fons'k O;kikj uhfr dh foospuk dhft,A
                                    2-  D;k Hkkjr ljdkj viuh fons'k O;kikj uhfr ls fu;kZr lao¼Zu esa liQy gks ik;h gS\ o.kZu dhft,A

                                    3-  Hkkjr dh uohu fons'k O;kikj uhfr D;k gS\ fo'ys'k.kkRed foospu djsaA
                                    4-  orZeku lanHkZ esa vk;kr&fu;kZr uhfr dk leh{kkRed o.kZu djsaA
                                    5-  lst (SEZ) D;k gS\ laf{kIr fVIi.kh fy[ksaA
                                  mÙkj % Lo&ewY;kadu  (Answers: Self  Assessment)

                                          1. (?k)             2. (x)         3. (?k)            4. (x)
                                          5. (x)

                                  29-5 lanHkZ iqLrosaQ  (Further Readings)





                                            1- ekSfnzd vFkZ'kkL=k% MkW- th- lh- fla?kbZ_ lkfgR; Hkou ifCyosQ'kUl_ vkxjkA
                                            2- vUrjkZ‘ªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk% MkW- ts-ih- feJk_ lkfgR; Hkou ifCyosQ'kUl_ vkxjkA
                                            3- yksdfoÙk ,oa vUrjkZ‘ªh; O;kikj% MkW- ,e-,y- f>axu_ o`ank ifCyosQ'kUl izk-fy-_ fnYyhA






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