Page 55 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI
P. 55
bdkbZμ4% vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ vk/qfud fl¼kUr% ewY; ?kVd osQ lekuhdj.k---
(Criticisms) fyaMj osQ O;kikj dh izeq[k vkykspuk,a fuEuor~ gSaμ uksV
(1) fyaMj dk fl¼kUr ^xq.koÙkk* 'kCn dks Bhd <ax ls ifjHkkf"kr ugha djrk rFkk ;g Li"V ugha djrk fd
xq.koÙkk dh eki fdl rjg dh tkrh gSA
(2) ;g fl¼kUr bl ckr dh O;k[;k ugha djrk fd osQoy xq.koÙkk ;qDr oLrqvksa dk iz;ksx gh D;ksa izfr
O;fDr vk; osQ lkFk ifjofrZr gksrk gS rFkk O;kikj dks izHkkfor djrk gSA
(3) fy.Mj dk fl¼kUr bl ckr dh O;k[;k ugha djrk fd fdu dkj.kksa ls ,d ns'k viuh oLrq tks og
fu;kZr djrk gS] mlosQ fy, og igys ?kjsyw cktkj dk fodkl djsxkA
(4) fy.Mj us izfrfuf/ ekax dh vo/kj.kk dks Hkh Bhd ls Li"V ugha fd;k gSA
(5) ;g fl¼kUr bl rF; ij izdk'k ugha Mkyrk fd ,d ns'k }kjk dkSu&dkSu&lh oLrq,a vk;kr dh tk,¡xh
rFkk dkSu&dkSu lh fu;kZr dh tk,¡xhA
(6) fy.Mj dk fl¼kUr O;kikj dh ek=kk ij iM+us okys izn'kZu izHkko dh vis{kk djrk gSA
(7) fy.Mj mu 'krksZa dh foospuk ugha djrk ftuosQ vUrxZr O;kikj dj jgs ns'k O;kikj dh ek=kk dks izHkkfor
djus dh lEHkkouk j[k ldrs gSaA
(8) fy.Mj osQ fl¼kUr esa osQoy vkuqHkfod izek.k dh deh gS vr% ;g fl¼kUr osQoy lq>ko ek=k gh gSA
μmijksDr dfe;ksa osQ ckotwn] fy.Mj dk fl¼kUr vlk/kj.k gS tks fodflr ns'kksa osQ chp fofuekZ.kksa esa
O;kikj dh cM+h ek=kk osQ dkj.kksa dh O;k[;k djrk gSA
;g fl¼kUr gsDlpj&vksgfyu osQ fl¼kUr ij lqèkkj gSA gsDlpj&vksgfyu fl¼kUr bl ifjdYiuk ij vk/kfjr
gS fd lk/u lEiUurkvksa esa Hksnksa ls nks ns'kksa osQ chp O;kikj gksrk gS] tcfd fy.Mj dk fl¼kUr bl ckr ij
cy nsrk gS fd O;kikj rc gksrk gS tc lk/u lEiUurk,a leku gksrh gSaA
vkUrj&m|ksx O;kikj (Intra-Industry Trade)
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ izfrf"Br] uo izfrf"Br gsDlpj&vksgfyu] lSE;qylu rFkk vU; fl¼kUr izk;% nks ns'kksa osQ
eè; varj&m|ksx O;kikj (Inter-Industry) dh O;k[;k djrs gSaA varj&m|ksx O;kikj vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dh og
fLFkfr gS tgka ,d m|ksx dh oLrq dk ,d fHkUu m|ksx dh oLrq osQ lkFk fofue; fd;k tkrk gS_ tSls Hkkjrh;
twrs dk tkikuh e'khujh osQ lkFk O;kikj dk gksukA varj&m|ksx vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj iw.kZ izfr;ksfxrk dh ekU;rk
ij vk/kfjr gSA nwljh vksj vkarj&m|ksx vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ vUrxZr ,d gh m|ksx esa Hksnho`Qr oLrqvksa dk
O;kikj gksrk gS tks leku (Similar) rks gksrh gSa] ijUrq le:i (Identical) ugha gksrh_ tSls tkikuh dkjksa dk
vesfjdh dkjksa osQ lkFk O;kikj vkSj blh rjg lkcqu] ?kfM+;ka] twrs RkFkk vU; oLrqvksa dk ns'kksa osQ chp O;kikj
gSA tc ns'k oLrq foHksnhdj.k osQ lkFk&lkFk i;kZIr ykxr varjksa osQ lkFk mRiknu djrs gSa rFkk lHkh izdkj dh
fHkUu oLrqvksa dk fofue; djrs gSa] rc ;g vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj gksrk gS] ijUrq tc ,d gh m|ksx esa fcuk i;kZIr
ykxr vUrjksa osQ ns'k fof'k"Vhdj.k vkSj O;kikj djrs gSa rks ;g vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj gSA
vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj fof'k"Vdj.k vkSj c<+ jgs Je&foHkktu osQ dkj.k gksrk gS tks cktkj osQ vkdkj ij fuHkZj
djrk gSA rhoz vkfFkZd fodkl vkSj fo'o vFkZO;oLFkk osQ Hkwe.Myhdj.k osQ lkFk vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj eè;orhZ
vkSj vfUre oLrqvksa esa iSQy x;k gSA ;g mQaph ifjogu ykxrksa osQ dkj.k lhek&O;kikj (Border Trade) osQ :i
esa rFkk iQyksa ,oa lfCt;ksa dh mQaph HkaMkj.k ykxrksa osQ dkj.k ekSleh O;kikj osQ :i esa ns'kksa osQ chp foLr`r
gqvk gSA
vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj blfy, gksrk gS D;ksafd ns'kh ,oa fons'kh iQesZa leku oLrq dh le:i fdLesa cukrh gSa tks
,d&nwljs osQ jk"Vªh; cktkj esa vklkuh ls izos'k dj tkrh gSaA tc nks ns'kksa esa nks iQeksZa dh ,dleku oLrq osQ
mRiknu esa ,dkf/dkj jgrk gS rks O;kikj gksus ls izfr;ksfxrk gksrh gS ftlls nksuksa iQeksZa osQ mRikn dh dhersa de
LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 49
