Page 54 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV osQ fy, fu;kZr dh lEHkkouk ryk'krh gSA okLro esa blosQ ihNs eq[; dkj.k ;g gS fd fons'kh cktkj tksf[keiw.kZ
gksrs gSa tcfd ?kjsyw cktkj esa tksf[ke ugha gksrh vr% mRiknd osQoy fons'kh cktkj ij fuHkZj ugha jguk pkgrkA
fu"d"kZ :i esa ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd ?kjsyw ekax <kapk lEHkkfor fu;kZr oLrqvksa dh lhek dks fu/kZfjr djrk
gSA ,d ns'k osQoy mUgha oLrqvksa dk fu;kZr djsxk ftuosQ fy, ?kjsyw ekax cM+h vkSj lfozQ; gksrh gSA tc ?kjsyw
cktkj dh ekax dks n`f"Vxr j[krs gq, mRiknu c<+k;k tkrk gS rks iSekus dh cprsa izkIr gksrh gSa rFkk ykxrsa de
vkrh gSa ftlls iQeZ fons'kh cktkj esa izos'k dj ldrh gSA
fyaMj osQ vuqlkj] ,d ns'k viuh vf/d oLrqvksa dks mu ns'kksa dks fu;kZr djsxk ftudk vk; Lrj rFkk ekax <kapk
fu;kZrd ns'k osQ leku gSA bls fyaMj us ^vf/eku lekurk* (Preference Similarity) dgk gSA ;g vf/eku
lekurk (Overlapping) dh vksj ys tkrh gSA fyaMj dk roZQ gS fd ,d fn, gq, ns'k esa] vU;
ckrsa leku jgus ij] mPp vk; oxksZa esa miHkksDrk mPp xq.koÙkk okyh oLrqvksa dh ekax djrs gSa vkSj tks fuEu vk;
oxksZa esa gksrs gSa os fuEu xq.koÙkk okyh oLrqvksa dh ekax djrs gSaA ;gh fu;e vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij Hkh ykxw gksrs
gSa tgka vkSlru fuEu vk; ns'k fuEu xq.koÙkk okyh oLrqvksa dh ekax dh izc`fÙk j[krs gSa mPp vk; ns'k mPp
xq.koÙkk okyh oLrqvksa dhA ijUrq bldk vFkZ ;g ugha gS fd mPp vk; okys ns'k fuEu xq.koÙkk okyh oLrqvksa
dh ekax ugha djrsa rFkk fuEu vk; okys ns'k mPp xq.koÙkk okyh oLrqvksa dh ekax ugha djrsA okLrfodrk ;g
gS fd vk; forj.k fdlh Hkh lekt esa leku ugha gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd fofHkUu ns'kksa esa vf/eku lekurk gksrh
gS rFkk ekax <kaps vfrO;kIr gksrs gSaA buls ns'kksa osQ chp O;kikj lEcU/ ik, tkrs gSa vkSj izR;sd ns'k viuh ?kjsyw
ekax dks iwjk djus osQ i'pkr~ fofHkUu izdkj dh fufeZr oLrqvksa dk fu;kZr djrk gSA
fy.Mj osQ vf/eku lekurk vFkok vfrO;kfIr ekax fl¼kUr dks js[kkfp=k 4-2 }kjk Li"V fd;k tk ldrk gSA

eku yhft, nks ns'k A rFkk B gSaA fp=k esa {kSfrt v{k ij izfr O;fDr vk; dks rFkk vuqyEc v{k ij oLrqvksa
dh xq.koÙkk dks iznf'kZr fd;k x;k gSA js[kk OR bl lEcU/ dks n'kkZrh gSA mPp izfr O;fDr vk; Oy okyk ns'k
a
A mPp xq.koÙkk okyh oLrqvksa dh OQ ek=kk dh ekax djrk gS tcfd fuEu izfr O;fDr vk; OY okyk ns'k
a
b
B fuEu xq.koÙkk okyh oLrq,a OQ dh ekax djrk gSA ;fn izR;sd ns'k esa lHkh O;fDr;ksa osQ chp vk; dk forj.k
b
leku jgrk gS rks ns'kksa osQ chp dksbZ O;kikj ugha gksxk D;ksafd izR;sd ns'k fuokfl;ksa }kjk ekaxh xbZ osQoy ,d
LVS.MMZ xq.koÙkk okyh oLrq dk mRiknu djsxkA
OkkLrfodrk ;g gS fd vk; forj.k vleku jgrk gS vr%
izR;sd ns'k esa nksuksa xq.koÙkk okyh oLrq,a ekaxh tkrh gSaA
eku yhft, ns'k A esa vk; forj.k ls AS foLrkj (Range)

esa nksuksa oLrqvksa osQ fy, ekax dh tkrh gS tcfd ns'k B esa
foLrkj BD gSA nksuksa ns'kksa esa vfrO;kIr ekax foLrkj BC =
MN gSA pwafd ekaxksa dh vfrO;kfIr gS] vr% nksuksa ns'kksa osQ
chp O;kikj lEHko gSA izfr O;fDr mQaph vk; okyk ns'k A,
mPp xq.koÙkk okyh oLrq OQ dks izfr O;fDr fuEu vk;
a
okys ns'k B dks mlosQ mPp vk; oxZ osQ miHkksDrkvksa dh
ekax dks iwjk djus osQ fy, fu;kZr djsxkA nwljh vksj] izfr
O;fDr fuEu vk; okyk ns'k B fuEu xq.koÙkk okyh oLrq fp=k 4-2
OQ dks izfrO;fDr mPp vk; okys ns'k A dks mlosQ fuEu
b
vk; okys miHkksDrkvksa dh ekax dks iwjk djus osQ fy, fu;kZr djsxkA ,d O;kikj djus okys ns'k osQ lEHkkfor
fu;kZr foLrkj dh oLrq lajpuk esa ftruh vf/d vfrO;kfIr gksxh] mruh gh vf/d O;kikj dh ek=kk gksxhA
ftruh vf/d O;kikj dh lEHkkfor ek=kk gksxh] mruk gh O;kikj djus okys ns'kksa esa vk; Lrj mQ¡pk gksxkA lkFk
gh ftruh vf/d O;kikj dh lEHkkfor ek=kk gksxh] mruh gh vf/d O;kikj dh okLrfod ek=kk gksxhA

48 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY