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vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk
uksV gks tkrh gSa vkSj ykHk dh lhek ?kV tkrh gSA blosQ iQyLo:i ,dkf/dkjh iQeksZa dks gkfu gksrh gS] ijUrq nksuksa
ns'kksa osQ miHkksDrkvksa dks ykHk gksrk gSA
vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj osQ fuEufyf[kr ykHk gSaμ
(1) ,slk O;kij nksuksa ns'kkaas esa cgqr fdLe dh oLrq,a miyC/ djkrk gSA O;kikj dk foLrkj gksus ls mRikndksa
dks cM+s iSekus dh ferO;f;rkvksa osQ ykHk izkIr gksrs gSa ftlls oLrqvksa dh ykxrsa ,oa dhersa de gks tkrh
gSaA nksuksa ns'kksa osQ miHkksDrkvksa dks lLrh vkSj xq.koÙkk okyh oLrq,a miyC/ gksrh gSa] ijUrq ykHk ekftZu
cgqr ?kV tkus ls oqQN mRiknu cUn dj m|ksx dks NksM+ tkrs gSaA
(2) oLrq foHksnhdj.k ls ,d NksVk ns'k iSekus dh ferO;f;rkvksa vkSj fof'k"Vhdj.k }kjk ,d cM+s ns'k ls de
dher ij oLrq,a csp ldrk gS vkSj bl rjg vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls ykHk izkIr dj ldrk gSA
(3) vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj leku lk/u lEiUurkvksa rFkk leku vkdkj osQ nks ns'kksa osQ chp O;kikj dh ek=kk
esa o`f¼ djrk gSA
(4) foHksnho`Qr oLrqvksa ij vk/kfjr O;kikj mRiknu ykxrksa dks de djus osQ fy, fofHkUu ns'kksa esa iqtks± osQ
mRiknu vkSj muosQ tqVkus esa o`f¼ djrk gSA blls cgqjk"Vªh; fuxeksa }kjk iqtks± osQ O;kikj esa o`f¼ gqbZ gSA
vkarj&m|ksx O;kikj osQ lEcU/ esa cks (Bo Sodersten) us bafxr fd;k gS fd] ¶
A¸
vuqdj.k vUrjky vFkok izkS|ksfxdh; vUrjky fl¼kUr (Imitation Gap or Technological
Gap Theory)
fjdkMksZ rFkk gsDlpj&vksgfyu fl¼kUr bl ekU;rk ij vk/kfjr gS fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa layXu leLr ns'kksa
esa izks|ksfxdh dk Lrj leku gSA vr% os O;kikj ij izkS|ksfxdh; ifjorZu osQ izHkko dh foospuk ugha djrsA
(M. V. Posner) us 1961 esa izdkf'kr vius ys[k ^Technical Charge and International Trade* esa
O;kikj ij rduhdh ifjorZu osQ izHkko dh foospuk izLrqr dh gSA iksluj us vius ys[k esa Li"V fd;k fd
rduhdh izxfr vFkok izkS|ksfxdh; ifjorZu ,d fujUrj izfozQ;k gS tks vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dh lajpuk dks
egRoiw.kZ <ax ls izHkkfor djrh gSA fdlh ns'k esa ,d ubZ oLrq osQ mRiknu osQ :i esa izkS|ksfxdh; uoizorZu nwljs
ns'k esa vuqdj.k vUrjky vkSj ekax vUrjky mRiUu djrk gSA nks ns'kksa osQ chp fdl lhek rd O;kikj gksxk ;g
vuqdj.k vUrjky vkSj ekax vUrjky osQ 'kq¼ (net) izHkko ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
(Assumptions)
vuqdj.k vFkok izkS|ksfxdh vUrjky fl¼kUr fuEufyf[kr iwoZ/kj.kkvksa ij vk/kfjr gSμ
1- O;kikj djus okys ns'k nks gSaA
2- nksuksa ns'kksa esa lk/u lEiUurk,¡ leku gSaA
3- nksuksa ns'kksa esa izkS|ksfxdh dk Lrj fHkUu&fHkUu gSA
4- nksuksa ns'kksa esa ekax fLFkfr;k¡ leku gSaA
5- nksuksa ns'kksa esa O;kikj&iwoZ lk/u dher vuqikr leku gSA
(Explanation)
mijksDr ekU;rkvksa osQ fn, gksus ij uoizorZu vkSj vuqdj.k dk ozQe O;kikj dh lajpuk dks fdl rjg izokfgr
djrk gS bldh O;k[;k vuqdj.k vUrjky fl¼kUr }kjk dh tk ldrh gSA bl fl¼kUr osQ vuqlkj tc ,d iQeZ
ubZ oLrq esa uoizorZu djrh gS rc ?kjsyw cktkj esa og ykHknk;d cu tkrh gS vkSj vLFkk;h :i ls ,dkf/dkj
izkIr dj ysrh gSA tc og iQeZ vius mRiknu dk foLrkj djrh gS vkSj mls fons'kh cktkj esa csprh gS rc mls
50 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
