Page 8 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa foÙk

uksV vUrjkZ"Vªh; nksuksa Lrjksa ij fof'k"Vhdj.k egÙoiw.kZ gks x;k gSA fof'k"Vhdj.k osQ iQyLo:i c<+s gq, mRiknu dk
miHkksx mRiknd Lo;a ugha djrk oju~ mldk fofue; djosQ ,slh oLrq izkIr djuk pkgrk gS ftls og cukus esa
fuiq.k ugha gSA vr% fof'k"Vhdj.k O;kikj dks tUe nsrk gS vkSj O;kikj ls fof'k"Vhdj.k dks izksRlkgu feyrk gSA
tc ;gh O;kikj ns'k dh lhekvksa dks yka?k tkrk gS rks varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dh uhao iM+rh gSA

1-1 fodkl dk batu % varjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj (Trade as an Engine of Growth)

vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ,oa vk£Fkd fodkl osQ laca/ dks ysdj vFkZ'kkL=kh ,d er ugha gSaA izfrf"Br ,oa
uo&izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkL=kh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dks vk£Fkd fodkl dk bUtu (Engine of Growth) ekurs gSaA
izfrf"Br ,oa uo&izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk fo'okl gS fd fdlh ns'k osQ fodkl esa fons'kh O;kikj egÙoiw.kZ
;ksxnku ns ldrk gSA gScjyj ,oa osQ;juØkl tSls vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa us Hkh blh er dk leFkZu djrs gq, fopkj
O;Dr fd;k gS fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQoy mRiknu dks oqQ'kyre cukus dk gh mik; ugha oju~ fodkl dk
bUtu Hkh gSA fdlh Hkh ns'k osQ O;kikj dh ek=kk ,oa lajpuk] O;kikj dh 'krs± vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; Hkqxrkuμ;s rhuksa
feydj mlosQ fodkl dks izHkkfor djrs gSaA izfrf"Br fopkjdksa dk fo'okl Fkk fd bu rhuksa dk vk£Fkd fodkl
ij vuqowQy izHkko iM+rk gSA
fdUrq vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk nwljk oxZ jkmy izsfc'k] fe.V] xqUukj feMZy] ¯lxj tSls vFkZ'kkL=kh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj
dks vk£Fkd fodkl dk vojks/d ?kVd ekurs gSaA bu vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk ekuuk gS fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk bu
ns'kksa osQ vk£Fkd fodkl ij izfrowQy izHkko gksrk gSA izsQMfjd fyLV us izfrf"Br fopkj/kjk dh dVq vkykspuk
dh gS vkSj fodkl osQ fof'k"V Lrj osQ ckn gh vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk leFkZu fd;k gSA bl fopkj/kjk osQ
vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa dk fo'okl gS fd izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=k;ksa osQ fu"d"kks± osQ vk/kj ij fodkl dh leL;kvksa dk
foospu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA mudk ;gk¡ rd dguk gS fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj ls /uh vkSj fu/Zu jk"Vªksa osQ chp
vlekurk dh [kkbZ c<+rh gS vr% budk roZQ gS fd fu/Zu ns'kksa dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk ifjR;kx dj ns'k esa
vkS|ksxhdj.k dks izksRlkfgr djuk pkfg,A
izks- feMZy us ;g er O;Dr fd;k gS fd vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj us vYi&fodflr ns'kksa osQ vk£Fkd fodkl dks
izksRlkfgr djus osQ ctk; muesa nksgjh vFkZO;oLFkk (Dualility) mRiUu dh gSA vYifodflr ns'kksa esa nksgjh
vFkZO;oLFkk mRi gksus osQ nks izeq[k dkj.k gSaμizFke] bu ns'kksa dh lajpuk ,oa ifjfLFkfr osQ dkj.k bu ns'kksa esa
fodkl izfØ;k dk izfr/kou izHkko (Back wash Effect) mlosQ izlj.k izHkko (Spread Effect) ls vfèkd
'kfDr'kkyh gksrk gS ftlls {ks=kh; ,oa vUrjkZ"Vªh; vlekurk,a c<+rh gSa_ nwljs] bu ns'kksa esa Hkqxrku lUrqyu osQ
izfrowQy gksus dh izo`fÙk ikbZ tkrh gSA
1-2 O;kikj vk£Fkd fodkl dk batu gS % D;ksa\ (Trade is an Engine of Economic

Growth: Why?)

v¼Z&fodflr ns'kksa osQ vk£Fkd fodkl esa O;kikj us lgk;rk igq¡pkbZ gS] blosQ leFkZu esa fuEu roZQ fn;s
tkrs gSa%
(1) okLrfod vk; vkSj iw¡th fuekZ.k esa o`f¼μvUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj osQ vUrxZr ,d ns'k mUgha oLrqvksa osQ
mRiknu esa fof'k"Vhdj.k djrk gS ftlesa mls rqyukRed ykHk gksrk gS ftlosQ iQyLo:i mldh okLrfod vk;
esa o`f¼ gksrh gSA vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk izHkko ;g gksrk gS fd ns'k esa tks mRifÙk osQ lk/u rFkk mRiknu rduhd
igys ls fuf'pr jgrh gS muesa ifjorZu gksdj lk/uksa dk forj.k vuqowQyre gks tkrk gS vFkkZr~ mRiknu vfèkd
oqQ'kyrkiwoZd gksus yxrk gSA okLrfod vk; esa gksus okyh o`f¼ iwath fuekZ.k esa lgk;d gksrh gS rFkk iwath fuekZ.k
vk£Fkd fodkl dks xfr'khy cuk ldrk gSA

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