Page 13 - DECO503_INTERNATIONAL_TRADE_AND_FINANCE_HINDI

bdkbZ—1% O;kikj fodkl osQ batu osQ :i esa

Hkh fu/Zu ns'kksa osQ fodkl esa ck/k mifLFkr gksrh gSA vUrjkZ"Vªh; izn'kZu izHkko dk vFkZ ;g gS fd v¼Z&fodflr uksV
ns'k] fodflr ns'kksa dh miHkksx dh izo`fÙk dks viukrs gSa ftlls fons'kh vk;krksa esa o`f¼ gksrh gS vFkkZr~ iawth dk
cfgxZeu gksrk gS vkSj fu/Zu ns'kksa esa iwath dk lap; de gks tkrk gSA bldk dkj.k ;g gS fd izn'kZu izHkko osQ
dkj.k v¼Z&fodflr ns'k osQ yksxksa esa fons'kh miHkksx ,oa foykflrk dh oLrqvksa osQ fy, ykylk tkxzr gksrh gS
vr% fons'kh oLrqvksa osQ vk;kr esa o`f¼ gksrh gS vkSj fons'kh nkf;Ro c<+rs gSa ftudk vk£Fkd fodkl ij izfrowQy
izHkko iM+rk gSA
(6) fodflr ns'kksa ls c<+rh gqbZ izfr;ksfxrk dk fodkl ij izfrowQy izHkkoμtc v¼Z&fodflr ns'k
vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa izos'k djrs gSa rks buosQ lkeus dbZ leL;k,a vkrh gSa ftuesa fons'kh izfr;ksfxrk egRoiw.kZ
gSA ;fn ;s ns'k viuk fu;kZr c<+kuk pkgrs gSa rks bUgsa fons'kh eky ls izfr;ksfxrk djuh iM+rh gS pwafd fons'kh oLrq,a
mPp rduhd osQ dkj.k xq.kksa esa mÙke gksrh gSa rFkk mudh dhersa Hkh de gksrh gSa vr% v¼Z&fodflr ns'k muosQ
lkeus Bgj ugha ikrs vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; cktkjksa ij mudk vf/dkj ugha gks ikrkA ;g leL;k blfy, vkSj Hkh fodV
gks x;h fd vktdy fodflr ns'k Hkh izkFkfed oLrqvksa dk mRiknu djus yxs gSa vkSj ;fn dHkh ;s fuèkZu ns'k
izfr;ksfxrk djus esa leFkZ Hkh gks tkrs gSa rks bUgsa vko';d midj.kksa ,oa e'khuksa dk fu;kZr cUn dj fn;k tkrk
gSA tSls oqQN le; iwoZ vejhdk us Hkkjr dks ;wjsfu;e dk fu;kZr cUn djus dh /edh nh FkhA
fu"d"kZμvUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj vkSj vk£Fkd fodkl ls lEcfU/r nks fofHk fopkj/kjkvksa dk vè;;u djus osQ ckn
ge bl fu"d"kZ ij igqaprs gSa fd lEiw.kZ fo'o esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dk fodkl gqvk gSA fons'kh fofu;ksx] izolu
(Migration) vkSj tula[;k o`f¼ dk okLrfod izHkko ;g gqvk fd fofHk ns'kksa esa lalk/u vuqikr dh fo"kerk
de gqbZ rFkk rduhdh oqQ'kyrk vkSj Kku dk izdk'k gqvkA vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj us vkS|ksfxdj.k] ifjogu&lapkj
lk/uksa] vkfn dk foLrkj djosQ vk£Fkd fodkl ij vuqowQy izHkko iM+kA v¼Z&fodflr ns'kksa osQ vk£Fkd fodkl
esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj us fu%lUnsg ldkjkRed Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA

1-4 v¼Z&fodflr jk"Vªksa dh fons'kh O;kikj lEcU/h leL;k,¡ (Problems of Under
Developed Countries Related to Foreign Trade)

v¼Z&fodflr ns'kksa esa fons'kh O;kikj bu ns'kksa dh vkUrfjd vk/kjHkwr leL;kvksa osQ dkj.k vliQy gksrk gSA
lS¼kfUrd rFkk O;kogkfjd nksuksa n`f"V;ksa ls fons'kh O;kikj dks vk£Fkd fodkl esa vojks/d ugha dgk tk ldrkA
v¼Z&fodflr ns'kksa dh viuh oqQN ekSfyd leL;k,a gSa ftudk fuokj.k fd;k tkuk vko';d gSA
(1) Í.k dk c<+rk gqvk Hkkjμv¼Z&fodflr ns'kksa dh fons'kh O;kikj dh lcls cM+h leL;k ;g gS fd bu
ij fodflr ns'kksa }kjk iznÙk Í.k ,oa C;kt vnk;xh dk Hkkjh cks> gS tks vf/dka'k :i ls izfrowQy O;kikj
lUrqyu dk ifj.kke gSA bl Í.k osQ iQyLo:i fodkl'khy ns'kksa osQ izkjfEHkd fuos'k ij Hkkjh vk£Fkd ncko
iM+rk gS rFkk mUgsa viuh fodkl ifj;kstuk esa Hkkjh ek=kk esa dVkSrh djuh iM+rh gSA blosQ iQyLo:i fodkl'khy
ns'kksa dh mRiknu {kerk ?kVrh gS vkSj os vUrjkZ"Vªh; cktkjksa esa izfr;ksfxrk ugha dj ikrsA
(2) cktkjksa dk NksVk gksukμv¼Z&fodflr ns'kksa dh fons'kh O;kikj dh nwljh leL;k ;g gS fd buosQ cktkj
dkiQh NksVs gSa tks cMs+ iSekus ij mRiknu djus okys m|ksxksa osQ fodkl osQ fy, ekax cuk ikus esa vleFkZ gSaA ;fn
vk£Fkd fodkl Rofjr xfr ls ugha fd;k tkrk rFkk cktkj dh viw.kZrkvksa dks lekIr ugha fd;k tkrk rks bu
cktkjksa osQ NksVs gh jgus dh lEHkkouk gSA ;g ckr cgqr Li"V gS fd cktkj dh viw.kZrk] Je&foHkktu ,oa
mRiknu dks lhfer dj nsrh gSA
(3) m|eh oxZ dk vHkkoμfons'kh O;kikj osQ izksRlkgu ,oa fu;kZr o`f¼ osQ fy, ;g vko';d gS fd ns'k
esa i;kZIr ek=kk esa mRiknu gksA ;g mlh le; lEHko gS tc ns'k esa m|eh izfrHkk fo|eku gks rkfd os i;kZIr
iwath dk fuos'k dj fu;kZr c<+kus osQ fy,] mRiknu esa o`f¼ dj losaQA fdUrq v¼Z&fodflr ns'kksa esa fodkl osQ

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