Page 104 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV 7-1 ekè; fopyu (Mean Deviation)

ewY;ksa osQ fopyu fudkyrs le; chtxf.krh; fpÉ + vkSj – dks NksM+ fn;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ Í.kkRed fopyu
(Negative deviation) Hkh /ukRed (Positive) eku fy;s tkrs gSaA

ekè; fopyu Kkr djus esa fuEu ckrksa dk è;ku j[kk tkrk gSμ
1. ekè; dk pquko (Selection of Average)μlS¼kfUrd :i ls ekè; fopyu lekUrj ekè;] eè;dk o
cgqyd esa ls fdlh ,d ls fudkyk tk ldrk gS ijUrq O;kogkfjd :i esa cgqyd dk iz;ksx ugha fd;k
tkrk gS D;ksafd ;g vfuf'pr gksus osQ dkj.k Hkzked fu"d"kZ nsrk gSA tcfd eè;dk loksZÙke gksrk gS
D;ksafd ;g fLFkj] fuf'pr o izfrfuf/ ekè; gS vkSj blls fudkys x, fopyuksa dk ;ksx lcls de gksrk
gSA lekUrj ekè; ls Hkh fopyu Kkr fd;k tk ldrk gSA
2. chtxf.krh; fpÉksa dh mis{kk (Ignoring Algebraic Signs)μekè; fopyu fudkyrs le; + ,oa –
fpÉksa dks NksM+ fn;k tkrk gS vFkkZr~ Í.kkRed fopyuksa dks Hkh /ukRed eku fy;k tkrk gSA ,sls fopyuksa
dks O;Dr djus osQ fy, d osQ nksuksa vksj nks [kM+h js[kk,¡ AA (modulus) cuk nh tkrh gSa] bl izdkj |d|

dk vFkZ ;g gS fd fopyu fudkyrs le; fpÉksa dks NksM+ fn;k x;k gSA ,slk blfy, fd;k tkrk gS
D;ksafd fopyuksa dk chtxf.krh; ;ksx lekUrj ekè; ls fudkyus ij 'kwU; gksrk gS vkSj eè;dk ls
fudkyus ij Hkh yxHkx 'kwU; gksrk gSA
3- fopyuksa dk ekè; (Averaging of Deviations)μlHkh fopyuksa osQ tksM+ (∑|d|) dks inksa dh la[;k
ls Hkkx nsus ij ekè; fopyu Kkr gks tkrk gSA vko`fÙk Js.kh dh n'kk esa fopyuksa vkSj vko`fÙk;ksa dk
xq.kk djosQ oqQy fopyuksa dk ;ksx fudkyk tkrk gS vkSj bl ;ksx dks N or ∑f ls Hkkx fn;k tkrk gSA
laosQrk{kj (Symbol)μekè; fopyu osQ fy, xzhd o.kZekyk osQ v{kj δ (MsYVk) dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA ftl
ekè; ls ekè; fopyu fudkyk tkrk gS δ osQ ckn mldk laosQrk{kj uhps dh vksj milaosQr (Subscript) osQ
:i esa fy[k fn;k tkrk gSμ
eè;dk ls lekUrj ekè; ls cgqyd ls
∑|d | ∑|| ∑||
d
d
δ = N m δ = N x δ = N z
2
x
m
7-2 ekè; fopyu xq.kkad (Coefficient of Mean Deviation)
ekè; fopyu vifdj.k dh ,d fujis{k eki gS vFkkZr~ ;g mlh bdkbZ esa O;Dr gksrk gS tks ewy leadksa dh gSA
ijUrq rqyukRed foospu osQ fy, ekè; foospu osQ fy, ekè; fopyu dh fujis{k eki dks lkis{k eki esa cnyk
tkrk gSA blosQ fy, ekè; fopyu osQ fujis{k eki dks ml ekè; ls Hkkx fn;k tkrk gS ftlls ;s fopyu fudkys
x;s gSa vFkkZr~
δ M δ
ekè; fopyu xq.kkad = (eè;dk ls) or x (lekUrj ekè;)
M x

7-3 ekè; fopyu osQ ifjdyu dh jhfr;k¡ (Methods of Calculation of Mean
Deviation)

O;fDrxr Js.kh (Individual series) esa ekè; fopyuμekè; fopyu Kkr djus dh nks jhfr;k¡ gSaμ
(a) izR;{k jhfr] (b) y?kq jhfrA
1. izR;{k jhfr (Direct Method)μbl jhfr ls ekè; fopyu fuEu izdkj Kkr djrs gSaμ

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