Page 109 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

bdkbZ—7% ekè; fopyu ,oa izeki fopyu

Lo&ewY;kadu (Self Assessment) uksV

1- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iw£r djsa (Fill in the blanks)μ
ekè; fopyu osQ xq.k o nks"k bl izdkj gSaμ
1. ekè; fopyu dh x.ku fØ;k ljy gSA ;g fdlh Hkh --------- ls fudkyk tk ldrk gSA
2. ;g Js.kh osQ lHkh ewY;ksa ij vk/kfjr gksus osQ dkj.k ,d --------- jhfr gSA

3. bl ij --------- dk de izHkko iM+rk gSA
4. ekè; fopyu dk lcls cM+k nks"k ;g gS fd fopyu fudkyrs le; --------- fpÉksa $ ,oa μ dks NksM+
fn;k tkrk gSA
5. ;g vifdj.k dh --------- eki gSA

7-5 izeki fopyu ;k ekud fopyu (Standard Deviation)

vFkZμizeki fopyu xf.krh; :i ls ,d 'kq¼ eki gS D;ksafd blesa fopyuksa osQ fpÉksa dks NksM+k ugha tkrk gS
cfYd izkIr fopyuksa osQ oxZ dj ysrs gSa ftlls Í.kkRed fopyu Lor% gh /ukRed gks tkrs gSaA var esa fopyu
oxks± dk ekè; fudkydj mldk oxZewy Kkr dj ysrs gSa tks izeki fopyu dgykrk gSA vr% fdlh Js.kh osQ
lekUrj ekè; ls fudkys x;s mlosQ fofHkUu inewY;ksa osQ fopyuksa osQ oxks± osQ ekè; dk oxZewy] ml Js.kh dk
izeki fopyu gksrk gSA (Standard Deviation is the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares

of deviations of items from their arithmetic mean.) ekè; ls fopyuksa osQ oxks± dk lekUrj ekè; f}rh;
vifdj.k ?kkr (Second Moment of Dispersion) vFkok izlj.k (variance) dgykrk gSA izeki fopyu blh
ewY; dk oxZewy gSA
fopyu oxZ ekè; ewY;] dfYir ewY; vFkok dfYir ekè; ls fy;s x;s fopyu oxks± osQ lekUrj ekè; dk
oxZewy gksrk gSA vr% ;fn fopyu lekUrj ekè; ls fy;s x;s gksa tc bu nksuksa esa dksbZ vUrj ugha gksrk gSA

izeki fopyu dks ekè; foHkze (Mean Error), ekè; oxZ foHkze (Mean Square Error) ;k
ekè; ls fudkyk tkus okyk fopyu oxZ ekè; ewy Hkh dgk tkrk gSA

ekè; fopyu ,oa izeki fopyu esa vUrj (Difference between M.D. and S.D.)
(1) ekè; fopyu dk ifjdyu lekUrj ekè;] cgqyd o eè;dk rhuksa ls dj ldrs gSa ysfdu izeki
fopyu lnSo lekUrj ekè; ls fudkyrs gSaA
(2) ekè; fopyu ls fopyu ysrs le; chtxf.krh; fpÉksa dks NksM+ fn;k tkrk gS tksfd roZQghu gS_ tcfd
izeki fopyu esa fpÉksa dks u NksM+dj mudk oxZ djosQ bl nks"k dks nwj dj nsrs gSaA
(3) ekè; fopyu dh ctk; izeki fopyu dh xf.krh; fo'ks"krk,¡ cgqr T;knk gSa ftlosQ iQyLo:i
lkaf[;dh; ekiksa esa izeki fopyu ,d osQUnzh; eki dk LFkku j[krk gSA

izeki fopyu lEcU/h rF;
(1) izeki fopyu osQoy lekUrj ekè; ls fudkyk tkrk gS] vU; fdlh ekè; ls ughaA
(2) chtxf.krh; fpÉksa dks NksM+k ugha tkrk cfYd mudk oxZ dj fy;k tkrk gSA
(3) izeki fopyu osQ fy, xzhd o.kZekyk osQ v{kj σ (sigma) dk iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA

LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY 103