Page 100 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV 12—16 18
16—20 30
20—24 15
24—28 12
28—32 10
32—36 6
36—40 2

4. fuEufyf[kr vadksa ls prqFkZd fopyu rFkk mldk xq.kkad Kkr dhft,μ
Height (cm) : 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158
No. of Students : 15 20 32 35 33 22 20 12 10

6-6 lkjka'k (Summary)

• vifdj.k ls rkRi;Z lead Js.kh osQ izlkj fo[kjko (Scatter) rFkk fopj.k (Variation) vkfn ls
gSA osQUnzh; izo`fÙk osQ eki izFke Js.kh osQ ekè; dgykrs gSa D;ksafd budh x.kuk dk vk/kj lead
Js.kh osQ fofHkUu in ewY; gksrs gSa tcfd vifdj.k Kkr djus osQ fy, igys lkaf[;dh; ekè; Kkr
fd, tkrs gSa vkSj mlosQ ckn muls in ewY;ksa osQ fopyu Kkr dj mudk ekè; fudkyk tkrk gS]
vr% vifdj.k osQ ekiksa dks f}rh; Js.kh osQ ekè; dgk tkrk gSA
• vifdj.k dks izlkj (spread), fc[kjko (scatter) rFkk fopj.k (variation) vkfn ukeksa ls Hkh iqdkjk
tkrk gSA vifdj.k dk lEcU/ leadksa dh ,d:irk ls gS vkSj bldk dke ekè; esa in&ewY;ksa osQ
fc[kjko ;k iSQyko dh eki djuk gSA

• vifdj.k 'kCn dk nks vFkks± esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gSA izFke vFkZ esa vifdj.k dk vFkZ lead Js.kh
osQ lhekUr ewY;ksa osQ vUrj ;k lhek foLrkj ls gSA blosQ vuqlkj] vifdj.k gesa mu lhekvksa dk
vUrj crkrk gS ftuosQ Hkhrj leadekyk osQ in ik;s tkrs gSaA blosQ foijhr nwljs vFkZ esa vifdj.k
Js.kh osQ ekè; ls fudkys x;s fofHkUu inksa osQ fopyuksa dk ekè; gSA
• osQUnzh; izo`fÙk osQ fofHkUu eki (lekUrj ekè;] cgqyd] eè;dk vkfn) izFke Js.kh osQ ekè; dgykrs
gSa D;ksafd ;s okLrfod inewY;ksa ij vk/kfjr gksrs gSaA tcfd vifdj.k osQ eki f}rh; Js.kh osQ ekè;
dgykrs gSa D;ksafd blosQ fy, igys leadksa dk lekUrj ekè; Kkr djrs gSa fiQj ml ekè; ls fofHkUu
ewY;ksa osQ fopyuksa ;k vUrjksa dk ekè; Kkr djrs gSaA
• tc fdlh lead Js.kh osQ izlkj] fc[kjko ;k fopj.k dh eki fujis{k :i esa ml Js.kh dh bdkbZ
esa gh Kkr dh tkrh gS rks mls vifdj.k dh fujis{k eki dgrs gSaA
• rqyukRed vè;;u osQ fy, fujis{k eki dks lEcfU/r ekè; ls Hkkx nsus ij tks vuqikr ;k izfr'kr
vkrk gS og vifdj.k dh lkis{k eki (relative measure of dispersion) dgykrh gSA
• fdlh lead Js.kh osQ lcls cM+s vkSj lcls NksVs ewY; osQ vUrj dks mldk foLrkj ;k ijkl (Range)
dgrs gSaA ;g vifdj.k Kkr djus dh lcls ljy ,oa voSKkfud jhfr gSA ;g fdlh Hkh Js.kh osQ
pje (lhekUr) ewY;ksa dk vUrj gksrk gSA

• foLrkj vifdj.k dk ,d fujis{k eki gS tks rqyukRed vè;;u osQ fy, vuqi;qDr gS] vr% rqyuk
djus osQ fy, foLrkj dk lkis{k eki Kkr fd;k tkrk gSA ;fn foLrkj dks pje inksa osQ ;ksx ls
foHkkftr dj fn;k tk, rks mls foLrkj xq.kkad ;k ijkl xq.kkad dgrs gSaA

• mRikfnr dh tkus okyh oLrqvksa osQ fdLe fu;U=k.k esa foLrkj ,d mi;ksxh midj.k gSA mRiknu osQ

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