Page 22 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV lansg nwj djosQ lgh&lgh lwpuk izkIr djrk gS vkSj ;fn og tkucw>dj xyr tkudkjh nsrs gSa rks
vulUèkkudrkZ ?kqek&fiQjk dj iz'u (Cross questioning) djosQ vklkuh ls tk¡p ysrs gSaA
4- ltkrh;rkμbl jhfr }kjk miyCèk lHkh leadksa esa ltkrh;rk dk xq.k ik;k tkrk gS D;ksafd ;s Hkh vk¡dM+s
,d gh O;fDr }kjk ,d=k fd;s tkrs gSaA
5- ypd'khyrkμ;g iz.kkyh yphyh izo`fÙk dh gksrh gSA vuqlUèkkudrkZ viuh vko';drkuqlkj leadksa
;k iz'uksa esa la'kksèku djosQ mfpr lwpuk izkIr dj ysrk gSA
6- lkFkZdrkμbl iz.kkyh esa lwpuk nsus okyksa ls vuqlUèkkudrkZ Lo;a lEioZQ djrk gS ftlls ladyu dk;Z
mRlkgo¼Zd gksrk gS vkSj leadksa dh lkFkZdrk c<+ tkrh gSA
jhfr osQ nks"k (Demerits of the Method)μbl jhfr osQ fuEu nks"k gSaμ

1- lhfer {ks=kμ;g jhfr foLr`r ,oa O;kid vuqlUèkku {ks=kksa osQ fy, vuqfpr ;k vuqi;qDr gksrh gSA
2- viO;;μbl iz.kkyh esa O;fDrxr lEioZQ djus osQ dkj.k le;] èku ,oa Je dk viO;; gksrk gSA
3- i{kikrμbl iz.kkyh esa vuqlUèkkudrkZ osQ O;fDrxr }s"kksa] i{kikr vkSj lud vkfn osQ dkj.k ifj.kke
nwf"kr vkSj ,dkaxh gksus dh vk'kadk jgrh gSA
4- Hkzked fu"d"kZμ;g vk'kadk jgrh gS fd lhfer {ks=k gksus osQ dkj.k ladfyr lead iwjs lexz dk lgh
izfrfufèkRo u djs ,oa fu"d"kZ Hkzked gks tk,A
lkoèkkfu;k¡ (Precautions)μbl jhfr dks iz;ksx djrs le; fuEu ckrksa dk è;ku j[kuk pkfg,μ

(1) vuqlUèkkudrkZ O;ogkjoqQ'ky] vuqHkoh] ifjJeh ,oa èkS;Zoku gksA
(2) vuqlUèkkudrkZ ml {ks=k dh HkkSxksfyd] lkekftd fLFkfr ,oa Hkk"kk o jhfr&fjoktksa ls ifjfpr gksA
(3) iwNs tkus okys iz'u laf{kIr ,oa lVhd gksaA
2- vizR;{k ekSf[kd vuqlUèkku (Indirect Oral Investigation)
bl iz.kkyh osQ vUrxZr] leL;k ls izR;{k :i ls lEcUèk j[kus okys O;fDr;ksa ls lwpuk izkIr ugha dh tkrh cfYd
,sls O;fDr;ksa ;k lkf{k;ksa ls ekSf[kd iwNrkN dh tkrh gS tks bl leL;k ls vizR;{k :i ls lEcfUèkr gksaA vFkkZr~
ftuosQ ckjs esa lwpuk izkIr djuh gS muls izR;{k lEioZQ LFkkfir ugha fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] Jfedksa
dh vk; dh tkudkjh osQ fy, Jfedksa ls lhèks lEioZQ u djosQ fey ekfydksa ;k Jela?kksa }kjk iwNrkN djosQ
tkudkjh izkIr dj ysrs gSa] ftu O;fDr;ksa ls lwpuk izkIr dh tkrh gS vFkkZr~ vizR;{k :i ls lEcfUèkr gksrs gSa]
lk{kh (Witness) dgykrs gSaA lk{kh ,sls O;fDr gksus pkfg, tks leL;k ;k fLFkfr ;k O;fDr osQ lEcUèk esa iw.kZ
tkudkjh j[krs gksaA bl jhfr dk iz;ksx fuEu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa fd;k tkrk gSA
(1) tc vuqlUèkku {ks=k cgqr O;kid ,oa foLr`r gksA
(2) tc lwpuk nsus okys O;fDr ls O;fDrxr lEioZQ lEHko u gks ;k os v#fp] vKkurk ;k tkucw>dj lwpuk
u nsuk pkgsa ;k lwpuk nsus esa vleFkZrk tkfgj djsaA

(3) tc lEcfUèkr O;fDr;ksa ls iz'u ;k ckr djuk mfpr u gks ;k i{kikriw.kZ O;ogkj dh vk'kk gksA
(4) bl jhfr dk iz;ksx ljdkjh Lrj ij fu;qDr lfefr;ksa ;k vk;ksxksa }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA
jhfr osQ xq.k (Merits of the Method)μbl jhfr osQ fuEu xq.k gSaμ
1- ferO;f;rkμbl i¼fr esa le;] èku o ifjJe vkfn de yxrk gS] dk;Z 'kh?kzrk ls gksrk gS vkSj vfèkd
ijs'kkuh ugha mBkuh iM+rh gSA
2- fo'ks"kKksa dh lEefrμbl jhfr esa vuqlUèkku fo"k; ij fo'ks"kKksa dh jk; ,oa lq>ko izkIr gks tkrs gSa
vkSj i{k ;k foi{k osQ O;fDr;ksa ls iwNrkN djus ls leL;k osQ lHkh igyqvksa ij fopkj gks tkrk gSA

3- fu"i{krkμbl jhfr ls izkIr lead vuqlUèkkudrkZ osQ O;fDrxr }s"k osQ dkj.k izHkkfor ugha gksrs gSaA

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