Page 20 - DECO504_STATISTICAL_METHODS_IN_ECONOMICS_HINDI

vFkZ'kkL=k esa lkaf[;dh; fof/;k¡

uksV dk ladyu vR;Ur lkoèkkuh] fo'okl] fu"i{krk] n`<+rk] lroZQrk ,oa èkS;Z ls djuk pkfg, rkfd muls fudkys
tkus okys fu"d"kZ 'kq¼] fo'oluh; ,oa okLrfod gksaA

2-1 izkFkfed ,oa f}rh;d lead (Primary and Secondary Data)

lead nks izdkj osQ gksrs gSaμ(1) izkFkfed (2) f}rh;dA
1- izkFkfed lead (Primary Data)μos lead izkFkfed lead dgykrs gSa tks vuqlUèkkudrkZ }kjk igyh ckj
'kq: ls vUr rd u;s fljs ls ,df=kr fd;s tkrs gSaA vFkkZr~ tks lead vuqlUèkkudrkZ }kjk Lo;a fdlh mís'; osQ
fy, ekSfyd :i ls ,d=k fd;s tkrs gSa] izkFkfed lead dgykrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ns'k esa cky Jfedksa dh
fLFkfr] f'k{kk osQ vfèkdkj vkfn osQ ckjs esa ;fn dksbZ vuqlUèkkudrkZ u;s fljs ls ekSfyd leadksa dk ladyu djrk
gS rks ;s lead izkFkfed lead dgyk,¡xsA
2- f}rh;d lead (Secondary Data)μos lead f}rh;d dgykrs gSa tks igys ls gh fdlh vU; O;fDr;ksa ;k
laLFkkvksa }kjk fdlh mís'; osQ fy, ,df=kr fd;s tk pqosQ gksa vkSj vuqlUèkkudrkZ osQoy mUgsa iz;ksx djrk gSA

,sls lead ekSfyd ,oa u;s ugha gksrs gSa cfYd igys ls izdkf'kr lkexzh }kjk ysdj iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSaA mnkgj.k
osQ fy,] ;fn vuqlUèkkudrkZ ljdkj }kjk ladfyr cky Jfedksa osQ thou ,oa f'k{kk Lrj lEcUèkh leadksa dk
iz;ksx djrk gS rks os f}rh;d lead ekus tk,¡xsA
izkFkfed ,oa f}rh;d leadksa esa vUrj
(Distinction between Primary and Secondary Data)

izkFkfed ,oa f}rh;d leadksa esa vUrj izÑfr dk ugha cfYd voLFkk ,oa lkis{krk dk gksrk gSA tc fdlh laLFkk
}kjk igyh ckj lead ,df=kr fd;s tkrs gSa rks os izkFkfed lkexzh dk dk;Z djrs gSa ijUrq ;gh lead tc fdlh
nwljs vuqlUèkkudrkZ }kjk iz;ksx fd;s tkrs gSa rks f}rh;d lkexzh dgykrs gSaA vFkkZr~ ,d gh izdkj osQ lead ,d
O;fDr osQ fy, izkFkfed rks nwljs O;fDr osQ fy, f}rh;d lead dgykrs gSaA mnkgj.k osQ fy,] ljdkj }kjk
,df=kr ,oa izdkf'kr eg¡xkbZ nj izkFkfed gS ijUrq ;gh lead vU; osQ fy, f}rh;d lead gSaA izkFkfed ,oa
f}rh;d leadksa esa fuEu varj gSaμ
(1) izkFkfed lead lnSo ekSfyd (Original) ,oa u;s gksrs gSa tks fofHkUu lkaf[;dh; jhfr;ksa osQ fy, dPps
eky dh rjg gksrs gSa tcfd f}rh;d leadksa dk iz;ksx ,d ckj gks pqdk gksrk gS vFkkZr~ os ekSfyd ,oa
u;s ugha gksrs gSaA ;s lkaf[;dh; jhfr;ksa osQ fy, fdlh fu£er eky dh rjg gksrs gSaA
(2) izkFkfed lead vuqlUèkkudrkZ }kjk fofHkUu O;fDr;ksa ls lEiw.kZ {ks=k ;k lexz esa ls izkFkfed jhfr }kjk
,d=k fd;s tkrs gSa tcfd f}rh;d lead vU; O;fDr;ksa ;k laLFkkvksa }kjk iwoZ ladfyr gksrs gSaA
(3) izkFkfed lead lnSo vuqlaèkku osQ mís'; osQ vuqowQy gksrs gSa vkSj buesa la'kksèku ;k tk¡p dh T;knk
t:jr ugha gksrh gS D;ksafd ;s lead blh vuqlaèkku osQ fy, ,d=k fd;s x;s gSa tcfd f}rh;d leadksa

esa la'kksèku] tk¡p&iM+rky ,oa 'kq¼rk dh t:jr T;knk gksrh gS D;ksafd ;s iwoZ esa fdlh vuqlUèkku osQ
fy, ,df=kr fd;s x;s FksA

14 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY